CVADs Flashcards
Central venous access can be achieved by three different methods:
1) centrally inserted catheters
2) peripherally inserted catheters (PICCs)
3) implanted ports
The major disadvantages of CVADs:
1) increased risk of systemic infection
2) invasiveness of the procedure
Advantages of CVADs include:
1) reduced need for multiple venipunctures
2) decreased risk of extravasation injury
3) immediate access to the central venous system
The type of CVAD inserted into a vein in the neck or chest (subclavian or jugular) or groin (femoral) with the tip resting in the distal end of the superior vena cava.
Centrally inserted catheters aka central venous catheters (CVCs).
A type of cuff on a CVC that serves to stabilize the catheter and may decrease the incidence of infection by impeding bacteria migration.
Dacron cuff
Accurate placement of a CVC must be verified before use by:
Chest x-ray
Care requirements of a CVC are:
1) injection cap change
2) cleansing
3) flushing
4) dressing change
Exact frequency and procedures for care requirements of a CVC vary and are outlined in the:
individual institution’s policy
Hickman catheter
A specific type of long-term central catheter which requires clamps to make sure the valve is closed.
Groshong catheter
A specific type of long-term central catheter which has a valve that opens as fluid is withdrawn or infused and remains closed when not in use.
Central venous catheters inserted into a vein in the arm rather than a vein in the neck or chest.
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs).
Advantages of a PICC over a CVC:
1) lower infection rate
2) fewer insertion related complications
3) decreased cost
4) insertion at bedside or outpatient area
Complications of PICC lines include:
1) catheter occlusion
2) phlebitis- usually appears within 7-10 days following insertion
Blood pressure readings or blood drawings should not be used for:
the arm in which a PICC is in place
PICC line insertion sites are at or just above the:
antecubital fossa (usually cephalic or basilic vein)
PICC lines are advanced to a position with the tip ending:
in the distal one third of the superior vena cava
Number of lumens on a CVC?
Single-, double-, triple-, or quad-lumen
Number of lumens on a PICC?
Single-, or multiple-lumen
CVCs are tunneled or nontunneled?
Either tunneled or nontunneled.
PICC lines are tunneled or nontunneled?
Nontunneled
These catheters can be up to 60 cm in length with gauges from 24 to 16.
PICCs
A type of central venous catheter connected to an implanted, single or double subcutaneous injection port:
Implanted Infusion Port
The port of an implanted infusion port consists of a metal sheath with a self-sealing silicone:
septum
Drugs are injected through the _______ into the port of an implanted infusion port.
skin
The reservoir of an implanted infusion port slowly releases the medicine into the:
bloodstream
A special needle used to access an implanted infusion port:
Huber-point needle
The deflected tip of a Huber-point needle, prevents damage to the septum that could make the port:
useless
A 90-degree angle Huber-point needle is used for:
longer infusions
Advantages of an implanted infusion port:
1) long-term therapy
2) low risk of infection
3) cosmetic advantages
Implanted ports have been developed that are safe for injection of _______________________ at high pressures and controlled rates.
radiopaque contrast media
Care requirements of an implanted infusion port include:
regular flushing
Formation of “sludge” may also occur with the port septum. This sludge is an accumulation of:
clotted blood and drug precipitate
