Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Critical Care Nursing Exam 4 > CVA > Flashcards

CVA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a CVA caused by?

A

disruption of normal blood supply to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a stroke also known as?

A

Brain attack

CVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fill in the blank:

brain cannot store ______ or _______ and needs constant ____ ____ to supply

A

oxygen
glucose
blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stroke is the _____ leading cause of death in the US.

A

3rd, after heart disease and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two major categories of stroke?

A

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an ischemic stroke?

A

a blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a hemorrhagic stroke ?

A

a bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of stroke is most common?

A

ischemic, it is a blockage caused by risk factors; making it the most common- diabetics, and those with plaque buildup are at higher risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

an ischemic stroke is a ______ ____ of function resulting from __________ __ _____ __ ____ __ _____.

A

sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of blood supply to part of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why do they sometimes call a stroke a brain attack?

A

to emphasize the urgency, similar to a heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the method of early tx for a ischemic stroke?

A

thrombolytics: TPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the window of treatment for a stroke?

A

3 hours from onset of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do we determine when the stroke began?

A

form the time of last known well, the last time they felt normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the patho of an ischemic stroke?

A

decreased cerebral blood flow results in anaerobic activity- then acidosis, then cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how might an area of low blood flow be salvaged before becoming ischemic?

A

with timely intervention and the breaking up of the clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

continued loss of cell function is caused by what?

A

destruction of cell membrane

vasoconstriction (decreased blood flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F

Deficits from a stroke will resolve over time?

A

FALSE
once tissue is damaged, there is no going back
deficit is permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does TPA stand for?

A

tissue plasminogen activator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the goal of treatment of a stroke?

A

block the extent of secondary brain injury caused by initial stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is TPA given for?

A

to break up the clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some contraindications for use of TPA?

A

use of anticoagulants within the last 24 hours
brain bleed
recent trauma
recent surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do clinical manifestation depend on?

A

location of lesion
which vessels are obstructed
size of area of obstruction
amount of collateral blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what population has less collateral?

A

diabetics
high cholesterol
elderly

24
Q

manifestations from a stroke?

A 
motor loss
communication loss
perceptual disturbances
sensory loss
cognitive impairment 
psych effects
25
what is a TIA?
transient ischemic attack
26
what does a TIA mimic?
a stroke | has all the same s/s without evidence on imaging
27
what Can a TIA be a precursor to?
may be a warning sign of a stroke
28
what type of diagnostics to dx a stroke?
CT w/o contrast CTA MRI
29
what are some non modiafable risk factors of a stroke?
older than 35 male african american
30
what are some modifiable risk factors of stroke?
``` HTN Afib Hyperlipidemia smoking alcohol use DM Diet and exercise treat circulation problems TIA's periodontal disease ```
31
secondary prevention of a stroke?
``` anticoagulation with Afib platelet inhibiting meds statins antiHTN meds carotid endarterectomy ```
32
management of stroke?
TPA | dx and initiation of tx within 3 hours of stroke increases outcome
33
how does TPA work?
binds fibrin and converts plasminogen to plasmin stimulating fibrinolysis
34
contraindications of TPA?
onset > 3hours ago patient anti coagulated INR (>1.7)
35
endovascular treatment?
intra-arterial thrombolysis mechanical clot extraction cerebral angiography
36
what is the risk with mechanical extraction?
high risk of breaking up the clot and causing a PE or DVT
37
what is the acute phase after a stroke?
1-3 days
38
what occurs in the acute phase of a stroke?
``` change in LOC vitals tone/posture eye opening pupils skin temp/color/moisture I and O kidney perfusion Bleeding dysphagia ```
39
what is the focus of care following the acute phase?
identifying impairment and of function and rehab
40
what is the NIH?
a method of evaluating severity of the stroke and deficits
41
who can do an NIH?
a NIH certified nurse
42
what is a hemorrhagic stroke?
bleeding into brain tissue, ventricles, and subarachnoid space
43
is a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke worse?
hemorrhagic
44
what percent of strokes are hemorrhagic?
15-20% of them are primarily intracranial or subarachnoid bleeds 80% related to primary intracerebral hemorrhage from spontaneous rupture of small vessels
45
how do patients recover from hemorrhagic stroke?
patients who survive acute phase usually have more severe deficit and longer recovery
46
what is the chief cause of hemorrhagic strokes?
uncontrolled hypertension
47
what is a cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke?
ruptured intracranial aneurysm 50% of the time
48
what is the most common area to have a leaky aneurysm?
the circle of willis
49
how do hemmorhagic strokes manifest?
``` migraines motor, sensory, cranial, and cognitive deficits vomiting Change in LOC focal seizures ```
50
how do rupruted aneurysms manifest?
``` sudden onset of headache loss of consciousness pain and rigidity of neck and spine from meningeal irritation visual changes tinnitus, dizziness, hemiparesis coma and death ```
51
what Increases the risk of death with hemorrhagic stroke?
age, DM, HTN, extent and location of hemorrhage or aneurysm
52
how to diagnose hemorrhagic stroke?
CT, MRI | angiography confirms aneurysm
53
how can we prevent strokes?
screening for high risk people management of HTN alcohol is a blood thinner
54
what are some complications of a stroke?
cerebral hypoxia increased ICP vasospasm worsening HA, Change in LOC, neuromuscular deficit
55
nursing management after a stroke?
- Monitor vitals - neuro checks - LOC - pupillary function - motor function hourly - Trends, NIH

Critical Care Nursing Exam 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions