CV system overview Flashcards
4 ways blood is moved throughout CV system?
- Force imparted by rhythmic contraction of the heart
- Elastic recoil of arteries following cardiac contraction
- Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels
- Squeezing of blood vessels during movement
Label anterior view of the heart
label posterior heart
Sectional view heart
What is the pericardium?
Two components?
Pericardium is a fibrous fluid-filled (serous) sac that surrounds the myocardium
- Fibrous pericardium
- the outer layer of heart
- comprised of tough and dense connective tissue
- Serous pericardium
- thin, double-layered serous membrane composed of the
-
parietal layer and visceral layer
- filled with pericardial fluid secreted by serous membranes
-
parietal layer and visceral layer
- thin, double-layered serous membrane composed of the
Pericardium is attached to the _____ and the ______
Pericardium is attached to the sternum and the diaphragm
Main function of the pericardium?
restrict excess heart movement and prevent the heart from overfilling with blood
- provide stability during contraction
What are the three layers of the myocardium?
(external to internal)
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
Epicardium is the _______ layer and is composed of ___________ epithelium underlined by ______
Epicardium is the outermost layer and is composed of simple squamous epithelium underlined by fat
The mid-myocardium is the _______ layer of the heart wall and is composed primarily of __________
The mid-myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue
The endocardium covers internal surface of the and the external surfaces of the ______\_. It is composed of a _______\_ of cells and ________\_ under the endothelium.
The endocardium covers internal surface of the heart and the external surfaces of the heart valves. It is composed of a thin endothelial layer of cells and areolar connective tissue under the endothelium.
Coronary Circulation:
Left and right coronary arteries travel in the _______
Coronary Circulation:
Left and right coronary arteries travel in the coronary sulcus
The right coronary artery runs along the ____ between the ______ and gives off branches to the ____, ____ and ____
Main branches are:
1)
2)
The right coronary artery runs along the sulcus between the RA and RV and gives off branches to the RA, AV node and SA node
Main branches are:
1) Posterior interventricular artery
2) Right marginal artery
Which artery supplies the LV, RV and the posterior septum
Posterior interventricular artery (branch from right coronary artery)
Which artery supplies the lateral wall of the RV?
Right marginal artery (branch from right coronary artery)
Left coronary artery typically branches into:
1)
2)
Left coronary artery typically branches into:
1) Circumflex artery
2) Anterior interventricular artery
Which artery supplies the left atrium, later and posterior LV?
Circumflex artery
Which artery supplies the anterior surface of both ventricles, the apex and most of the Interventricular septum?
Anterior interventricular artery
Coronary veins drain the myocardium from:
- The anterior interventricular area through the ________
- The right atria and RV area through the ________
- The posterior interventricular area through the __________
Which all come together to form the ________ which drains directly into the RA
Coronary veins drain the myocardium from:
- The anterior interventricular area through the Great cardiac vein
- The right atria and RV area through the small cardiac vein
- The posterior interventricular area through the middle cardiac vein
Which all come together to form the coronary sinus which drains directly into the RA
What connects the different cells and vasculature within the myocardium together?
Extracellular matrix
What are the three components of the Extracellular matrix?
- Fibrillar collagen network
- Basement membrane
- Proteoglycans (“filler” proteins)
How is collagen arranged in the myocardium?
- _______ - surrounds group of muscle fibres
- ________ - connect ↑ and ↓
- ________ - surrounds individual muscle fibres
- Epimysium - surrounds group of muscle fibres
- Perimysium - connect ↑ and ↓
- Endomysium - surrounds individual muscle fibres
What is the function of the basement membrane (2)
- Provide interface for myocyte adhesion and continuity with the ECM
- Provides an initial barrier that will influence the exchange of the macromolecules between the extracellular space and the myocyte
Structure and function of Proteoglycans?
- Structure
- large molecules
- heavily glycosylated (neg charge)
- form large complexes to other proteoglycans and to fibrous matrix proteins (collagens)
- Function
- bc of neg charge - attract small cations and water
- form porous hydrated gel
- affect activity and stability of proteins and signaling molecules
- serve as filler
- resistant to compression (important in areas of compression such as joints)
- bc of neg charge - attract small cations and water
