CV system overview

Question 1

4 ways blood is moved throughout CV system?

Answer 1

• Force imparted by rhythmic contraction of the heart
• Elastic recoil of arteries following cardiac contraction
• Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels
• Squeezing of blood vessels during movement

Question 2

Label anterior view of the heart

Answer 2

Question 3

label posterior heart

Answer 3

Question 4

Sectional view heart

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the pericardium?

Two components?

Answer 5

Pericardium is a fibrous fluid-filled (serous) sac that surrounds the myocardium

• Fibrous pericardium
  
  • the outer layer of heart
  • comprised of tough and dense connective tissue
• Serous pericardium
  
  • thin, double-layered serous membrane composed of the
    
    • parietal layer and visceral layer
      
      • filled with pericardial fluid secreted by serous membranes

Question 6

Pericardium is attached to the _____ and the ______

Answer 6

Pericardium is attached to the sternum and the diaphragm

Question 7

Main function of the pericardium?

Answer 7

restrict excess heart movement and prevent the heart from overfilling with blood

• provide stability during contraction

Question 8

What are the three layers of the myocardium?

(external to internal)

Answer 8

1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

Question 9

Epicardium is the _______ layer and is composed of ___________ epithelium underlined by ______

Answer 9

Epicardium is the outermost layer and is composed of simple squamous epithelium underlined by fat

Question 10

The mid-myocardium is the _______ layer of the heart wall and is composed primarily of __________

Answer 10

The mid-myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 11

The endocardium covers internal surface of the and the external surfaces of the ______\_. It is composed of a _______\_ of cells and ________\_ under the endothelium.

Answer 11

The endocardium covers internal surface of the heart and the external surfaces of the heart valves. It is composed of a thin endothelial layer of cells and areolar connective tissue under the endothelium.

Question 12

Coronary Circulation:

Left and right coronary arteries travel in the _______

Answer 12

Coronary Circulation:

Left and right coronary arteries travel in the coronary sulcus

Question 13

The right coronary artery runs along the ____ between the ______ and gives off branches to the ____, ____ and ____

Main branches are:

1)

2)

Answer 13

The right coronary artery runs along the sulcus between the RA and RV and gives off branches to the RA, AV node and SA node

Main branches are:

1) Posterior interventricular artery
2) Right marginal artery

Question 14

Which artery supplies the LV, RV and the posterior septum

Answer 14

Posterior interventricular artery (branch from right coronary artery)

Question 15

Which artery supplies the lateral wall of the RV?

Answer 15

Right marginal artery (branch from right coronary artery)

Question 16

Left coronary artery typically branches into:

1)

2)

Answer 16

Left coronary artery typically branches into:

1) Circumflex artery
2) Anterior interventricular artery

Question 17

Which artery supplies the left atrium, later and posterior LV?

Answer 17

Circumflex artery

Question 18

Which artery supplies the anterior surface of both ventricles, the apex and most of the Interventricular septum?

Answer 18

Anterior interventricular artery

Question 19

Coronary veins drain the myocardium from:

• The anterior interventricular area through the ________
• The right atria and RV area through the ________
• The posterior interventricular area through the __________

Which all come together to form the ________ which drains directly into the RA

Answer 19

Coronary veins drain the myocardium from:

• The anterior interventricular area through the Great cardiac vein
• The right atria and RV area through the small cardiac vein
• The posterior interventricular area through the middle cardiac vein

Which all come together to form the coronary sinus which drains directly into the RA

Question 20

What connects the different cells and vasculature within the myocardium together?

Answer 20

Extracellular matrix

Question 21

What are the three components of the Extracellular matrix?

Answer 21

1. Fibrillar collagen network
2. Basement membrane
3. Proteoglycans (“filler” proteins)

Question 22

How is collagen arranged in the myocardium?

• _______ - surrounds group of muscle fibres
• ________ - connect ↑ and ↓
• ________ - surrounds individual muscle fibres

Answer 22

• Epimysium - surrounds group of muscle fibres
• Perimysium - connect ↑ and ↓
• Endomysium - surrounds individual muscle fibres

Question 23

What is the function of the basement membrane (2)

Answer 23

• Provide interface for myocyte adhesion and continuity with the ECM
• Provides an initial barrier that will influence the exchange of the macromolecules between the extracellular space and the myocyte

Question 24

Structure and function of Proteoglycans?

Answer 24

• Structure
  
  • large molecules
  • heavily glycosylated (neg charge)
  • form large complexes to other proteoglycans and to fibrous matrix proteins (collagens)
• Function
  
  • bc of neg charge - attract small cations and water
    
    • form porous hydrated gel
  • affect activity and stability of proteins and signaling molecules
  • serve as filler
  • resistant to compression (important in areas of compression such as joints)