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LAS TEAC > CV System > Flashcards

CV System Flashcards

A&P Revision

1
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the Cardiovascular system

A
  1. Transporting nutrients - O2, glucose, water, fatty acids
  2. Removing waste products from metabolic processes - CO2, urea, creatine.
  3. Transporting hormones from endocrine system to target organs
  4. Regulation of Temperature control by controlling heat distribution between core and skin
  5. Reproduction, and providing nutrients to unborn foetus
  6. Host defense by transporting immune cells and other mediators
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2
Q

The CV system composes of which three elements

A

Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood

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3
Q

The 4 Divisions of the CV system are

A

Hepatic Portal - Liver supply
Pulmonary - Blood to and from lungs
Coronary - Blood supply to heart itself
Systemic - Oxygenated blood to body, deoxygenated blood back to heart.

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4
Q

Describe the exact location of the heart

A

In the Thoracic cavity, in the mediastinum.

Behind the sternum, in front of the spine, between the lungs, above the diaphragm.

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5
Q

The heat lays at what degree from the vertical?

A

60 degrees

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6
Q

The heart is described as having an apex and a base, where are they located

A

The Base lies behind the sternum in the midline and extends to the 2nd rib.
The apex is approximately 9cm the the left of the midline at the 5th intercostle space on the mid clavicular line.

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7
Q

What is the average size of the heart in cm

A

9cm x 10cm x 6cm

225-310g

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8
Q

Name and describe the outer layer of the heart

A

Pericardium - a double layered sac.
The parietal pericardium - the outer fibrous and serous layer
The visceral pericardium - Inner layer adherent to the heart muscle

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9
Q

Name and describe the middle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium - Forms the greater part of the heart walls and is thickest in the ventricles.
Myo - Muscle
Cardium - of the heart
The specialised cardiac muscle tissue of the heart is
composed of branching elongated cells with the ability to
generate an electrical impulse, termed autorhythmicity

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10
Q

Name and describe the outer layer of the heart

A

Endocardium - The membrane of endothelial cells lining the inside of the heart, it is continuous with the lining of blood vessels

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11
Q

What is in between the Pericardium and Myocardium

A

The pericardial space (potential space) with a thin layer of serous fluid to allows smooth movement between layers when the heart beats

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12
Q

The ability for tissue to generate its own electrical impulse is called

A

Autoarythmicity

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13
Q

Describe the atria

A

Two thinner walled upper chambers of the heart separated by the inter atrial septum

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14
Q

Describe the Ventricles

A

Two thicker walled lower chambers of the heart, receive blood from their respective atria and pump it either to the body (left) or to the lungs (right)

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15
Q

Name the four valves within the heart

A

Bicuspid (Mitral)
Tricuspid
Aortic
Pulmonary

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16
Q

What seperates the two ventricles

A

Ventricular Septum

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17
Q

The tendons that prevent cusp inversion are

A

Chordae tendineae

18
Q

The Chordae Tendinae are attached to what muscles

A

Papillary muscles

19
Q

Starting at the Vena cava describe the flow of blood through the heart

A

Vena Cava - right atrium (deoxygenated) - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins (oxygenated) - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta

20
Q

List the main coronary arteries

A

Right coronary artery - supplies right atrium, right ventricle & inferior third of Ventricular septum
Left Coronary artery - suppleness left atrium, left ventricle & supirior two thirds of ventricular septum.

21
Q

Describe the flow of electrical current from the SA node

A

Impulse generated at SA node - flows into both atria and to atrioventricular node where there is a small delay to allow the atria to finish contracting before it goes through the AV bundle (bundle of his) where it splits into left and right bundle branches and travels down to the apex where the impulse goes into the purkinje fibers causing the ventricles to contract.

22
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle

A

Atrial Systole - contraction of artia
Ventricular systole - contraction of ventricles
cardiac systole - relaxation phase

23
Q

Blood Pressure is defined as

A

The pressure exerted of the arterial walls by the blood it is measured as Systolic over Diastolic.

24
Q

Systolic pressure is defined as

A

The force at which the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta

25
Q

Diastolic pressure is defined as

A

Between contractions the heart and blood vessels recoil in a resting phase. The resulting lower pressure

26
Q

Cardiac output is described as

A 
The amount of blood expelled by the ventricles in one minute. 
Stroke Volume (SV) X Hear Rate (HR) = Cardiac Output (CO)
27
Q

The cardiovascular center is located where

A

The medulla Oblongata

28
Q

Baroreceptors measure what?

A

Blood pressure

29
Q

the pulse at the antecubital fossa is called what?

A

The brachial pulse

30
Q

Bradycardia refers to heart rate below what?

A

Under 60 bpm

31
Q

tachycardia refers to a hear rate above what?

A

over 100bpm

32
Q

The normal heart rate is between:

A

60 - 100bpm

33
Q

List the 5 types of blood vessels

A 
Arteries
arterioles
veins
venules
capillaries
34
Q

Which blood vessels have valves

A

Veins

35
Q

Venous return is reliant upon what 4 things

A

Suction of the heart
Position of the body
Muscular contraction
Respiratorty movements

36
Q

Blood transports what 6 things

A 
O2
Nutrients
Heat
Hormones
Clotting factors
Protective substances
37
Q

Name the blood cells (name and colour)

A

Leucocytes - white blood cells
Erythrocytes - Red blood cells
Thrombocytes - platelets

38
Q

RBC’s live for how many days

A

120 days

39
Q

The average amount of blood in an adult is (mls/kg)

A

70ml per kg

40
Q

The average blood volume in children is (mls/kg)

A

80ml per kg

LAS TEAC (2 decks)

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