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Cardiovascular Physiology > CV Regulation And Cardiac Output > Flashcards

CV Regulation And Cardiac Output Flashcards

1
Q

Short term BP regulator?

A

Baroreceptors

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2
Q

Long term BP regulator?

A

RAAS

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3
Q

Cranial nerve involved in Carotid Sinus?

A

IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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4
Q

Cranial nerve involved in Aortic Arch?

A

X (Vagus nerve)

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5
Q

What would an increase in BP in the aortic arch and/or carotid sinus do?

A
  1. ⬆️ parasympathetic activity.

2. ⬇️ sympathetic activity

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6
Q

What would a decrease in BP in the aortic arch and/or carotid Sinus do?

A
  1. ⬇️ parasympathetic activity

2. ⬆️ sympathetic activity

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7
Q

What does activation in baroreceptors do to ADH?

A
  1. ⬇️ADH secretion
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8
Q

Drugs/hormones that ⬆️ MAP? (Vasoconstrictors)

A
  1. NE (norepinephrine) via Alfa1 receptors (Gq) –> Ca++
  2. EPI (epinephrine) via Alpha 1 (Gq)
  3. Angiotensin II via AT1 receptor (Gq)
  4. ADH via V1 receptor (Gq)
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9
Q

Drugs/Hormones that ⬇️ MAP? (Vasodilators)

A
  1. ⬇️ sympathetic (NE–> Alpha 1 stimulation)
  2. EPI stimulation via Beta-2 receptors (Gs-cAMP)
  3. NO
  4. Adenosine, CO2, K+ and H+
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10
Q

Name the upstream and downstream portions for Venous Return (VR):

A
  1. Mean Systemic Filling Pressure (Psf) = 7 mmHg
    UPSTREAM
  2. Right Atrial Pressure (RAP)= 0 mmHg
    DOWNSTREAM
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11
Q

Mean Systemic Filling Pressure (Psf) depends on what factors?

A
  1. Volume = ⬆️ Volume –> ⬆️Psf and ⬇️Volume –> ⬇️Psf

2. Compliance = ⬆️Compliance –> ⬇️Psf and ⬇️Compliance –> ⬆️Psf

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12
Q

What are the 4 determinants of Cardiac Output (CO)?

A
  1. HR
  2. Contractility
  3. Afterload
  4. Preload
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13
Q

How does Exercise-induced Tachycardia prevent SV from falling?

A
  1. ⬆️Sympathetic –> ⬆️VR
  2. ⬆️ Contractility
  3. ⬆️ Conduction Velocity
  4. ⬆️ Skeletal Pump –> ⬆️ VR
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14
Q

Why does CO fall with tachyarrythmias ?

A
  1. ⬆️HR –> ⬇️diastolic ventricular filling –> ⬇️CO.
  2. Sympathetic is unable to fully compensate.
  3. No muscle pump –> ⬇️ VR
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15
Q

Why does TPR ⬇️ in exercise but MAP ⬆️ slightly?

A

Because MAP = CO x TPR and CO ⬆️⬆️ more than TPR ⬇️, thereby MAP is slightly elevated.

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16
Q

What vascular changes does exercise induce?

A
  1. Local vasodilation in active muscle due to local chemical changes (NO, K+, H+, CO2, adenosine, etc).
  2. Vasoconstriction in GI and Renal system.
  3. ⬆️SBP and ↔️DBP = Slight increase in MAP.
17
Q

What Pressure difference is there between arteries and veins do to gravity?

A
  1. There’s no difference. Both increase by 80 mmHg
18
Q

Why when placing a central venous line does the patient have to be in Trendelenburg position?

A
  1. To prevent embolism.

Explanation: Trendelenburg position —->⬆️ Central Venous Pressure –> Prevents Air Embolus from forming

19
Q

What happens to the BP when you take it above the heart level?

A
  1. It’s lower than it should be
20
Q

What happens when you take BP lower than the heart level?

A
  1. BP is higher than normal .
21
Q

What happens to VR and CO when a person goes from supine to upright WITHOUT compensation?

A
  1. ⬇️ VR –> ⬇️CO

Explanation:

  1. ⬆️Volume and pressure in dependent veins (below heart)
  2. ⬇️VR
  3. ⬇️CO
22
Q

What happens in order to compensate for ⬇️CO when going from supine–> upright ?

A
  1. Activation of Baroreceptors—> ⬆️Sympathetic and ⬇️PNS –> ⬆️TPR ⬆️VR and ⬆️HR (SV and CO)
23
Q

What is the relationship between Pulse Pressure (PP) and SV and Arterial Compliance?

A

PP = directly proportional to SV

PP = inversely proportional to Arterial Compliance

PP = SV/AC

24
Q

Factors affecting Systolic Pressure ?

A
  1. STROKE VOLUME (main factor)
  2. Contractility
  3. Arterial Systemic Compliance (Aorta) –> arteriosclerosis
25
Q

Factors affecting Diastolic Pressure?

A
  1. Blood volume
  2. TPR
  3. HR
  4. SV
26
Q

Factors that increase PP?

A
  1. ⬆️ SV (⬆️⬆️SBP and ⬆️DBP)

2. ⬇️ Compliance (⬆️ SBP and ⬇️DBP)

Cardiovascular Physiology (2 decks)

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