CV Physiology Module 1 Flashcards
Why do we need a cardiovascular system?
- All living cells require exchange of necessary substrates and a way to remove the by products of the exchange.
- Small single cell organisms can directly exchange through diffusion and cellular transport systems.
- Large organisms have no direct exchange capacity and must rely on a more sophisticated system of blood vessels to facilitate the exchange between cells and blood and between blood and environment.
Primary functions of the CV system (5 things listed)
- Distribution of oxygen and nutrients
- Transportation of CO2 and waste products to the lungs and excretory organs
- Distribution of water, electrolytes and hormones
- Immune system functions
- Thermoregulation (heat removal via the skin)
What is the purpose of the CV system?
- To facilitate the exchange of gases, fluid, electrolytes, large molecules, and heat between the cells in the body and the outside environment.
- The heat and vasculature provide the blood flow to the organs so that this exchange can take place.
What is the arrangement of the CV system?
- Two primary components?
- What system acts as a third component?
- Heart and blood vessels
- Lymphatic system
What system…
- distributes blood throughout the body
- has ~17% of blood volume contained in it
- highly oxygenated blood (98%)
Arterial system
What system…
- is the primary exchange site
- receives blood from arterioles
- sends blood to venules
Capillary system
What are the smallest of blood vessels and are in close proximity to all the cells throughout the body, allowing exchange to occur?
Capillaries
Exchange between blood and the outside environment occurs in what 4 places?
- Lungs
- GI tract
- Kidneys
- Skin
What system…
- collects blood from the capillaries
- is less oxygenated (70%)
- are thin walled, distensible and act as blood reservoirs
- contain ~70% of blood volume
Venous system
What is a muscular cone-shaped hollow organ that acts as a pump to supply blood to the body?
Heart
What functions by coordinated electrical activity, nerve impulses and muscular contractions?
Heart
What pumps about 100,000 times and pumps over 7,500 liters of blood each day?
Heart
The heart can be viewed as two pumps. What are the two pumps?
Pulmonary and Systemic
What circulation is the right heart pump and lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
What circulation is the left heart pump and all vessels excluding the lungs?
Systemic circulation
What is series arrangement? What uses the series arrangement?
- One after another; the cardiac output from the right side of the heart must closely match the output from the left side
- CV system
What is part of the right heart? The left heart?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
This part of the heart receives venous blood from the systemic circulation.
Right atrium
This part of the heart receives blood from RA and pumps into the pulmonary circulation where the exchange of CO2 and O2 take place.
Right ventricle
This part of the heart receives oxygen rich blood from lungs via the pulmonary veins.
Left atrium
This part of the heart receives blood from LA, ejects into the aorta where it is distributed to all the organs via the arterial system.
Left ventricle
What circulation is…
- shorter, thin walled vessels
- low pressure
- less resistance
- less volume
Pulmonary circulation