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S2 - Mini #1 > CV Pathologies > Flashcards

CV Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following pathologic conditions is characteristic for left-sided heart failure?
(More than one correct answers)
 A. Pulmonary edema 
B. Lower leg edema 
C. Pleural effusion
D. Peritoneal effusion 
E. Pericardial effusion
A

A, C

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2
Q 
Which of the following conditions will most likely directly follow a vulnerable coronary plaque?
 A. Chronic myocardial ischemia
B. LV hypertrophy
C. Myocardiosclerosis
D. Acute myocardial ischemia
E. Asystole
A

D

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3
Q 
Which of the following cardiovascular diseases is characterized by the highest mortality rate?
A. Hypertension
B. Ischemic heart disease 
C. Stroke
D. Heart failure
 E. Rheumatic heart disease
A

B

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4
Q 
Which of the following conditions contribute to an increase in peripheral resistance in hypertensive patients?
(More than one correct answers)
A. Sodium retention
B. Water retention
C. Increased cardiac output
D. Increased sympathetic tone
E. Angiotensin activation 
F. Renin secretion
A

D, E, F

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5
Q 
Which of the following microscopic changes are characteristic of acute myocardial infarction?
 A. Proliferation of cardiomyocytes
B. Deposition of collagen fibers
C. Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes
D. Atrophy of cardiomyocytes
E. Loss of cardiomyocyte nuclei
F. Swelling of cardiomyocyte cytoplasm
A

E

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6
Q

A chest X-ray reveals pulmonary edema in a 58-year-old man. He has experienced worsening orthopnea for several months. He becomes dyspneic with exercise, but without chest pain. He has no peripheral edema. What underlying problem do you most strongly suspect, based upon the gross appearance of this heart?

 A. Pulmonary emphysema
B. Coronary thrombosis
C. Viral myocarditis
D. Atrial septal defect
E. Hypertension
A

E

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7
Q 
Which of the following cardiovascular disorders is most common in the US?
A. Hypertension 
B. Ischemic heart disease 
C. Stroke 
D. Heart failure 
E. Rheumatic  heart disease
A

A

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8
Q 
Which of the following criteria are diagnostic for hypertension? (More than one correct answers)
A. Systolic BP is 130mmHg or above 
B. SystolicBPis 140mmHg or above  
C. DiastolicBPis 80mmHg or above 
D. DiastolicBPis 90mmHg or above
A

B, D

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9
Q 
Which of the following mechanisms is most likely involved in development of heart failure in hypertensive patients?
 A. Volume overload
B. Pressure overload 
C. Reduced contractility 
D. Reduced compliance 
E. Impaired relaxation
A

B

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10
Q 
Which of the following conditions are characteristic for vulnerable AS plaque?
A. Calcification
B. Lumen widening
C. Rupture of thin fibrous cap
D. Myocardiosclerosis
E. LV hypertrophy
A

C

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11
Q 
Which of the following complaints will most likely be presented by a patient with heart failure? 
(More than one correct answers)
A. Dyspnea
B. Fatigue
C. Palpitations 
D. Chest pain 
E. Nausea
A

A, C

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12
Q 
Which of the following conditions is NOT a risk factor for ischemic heart disease? 
(More than one correct answers)
A. Smoking
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Mitral valve stenosis
E. Aortic valve regurgitation
A

D, E

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13
Q

Which of the following cardiac pathologies are most likely seen in hypertensive patients?
A. Mitral valve abnormalities
B. Aortic valve abnormalities
C. Proportional dilation of cardiac chambers
D. LV hypertrophy
E. RV hypertrophy

A

D

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14
Q 
Which of the following brain disorders may develop in hypertensive patients? 
(More than one correct answers)
A. Chorea
B. Cerebral infarct
C. Cerebral hemorrhage 
D. Tumor
E. Hydrocephalus
A

B, C

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15
Q 
Which of the following conditions are possible complications of myocardial infarction? 
(More than one correct answers)
 A. Amyloidosis
B. Hypertension
C. Arrhythmias
D. Pulmonary edema
E. Cardiogenic shock
F. Cardiac arrest
G. LV wall rupture
H. Hemopericardium
I. RV wall rupture
A

C - I

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16
Q 
A 62-year-old African woman with a long-term history of rheumatic heart disease presents to the cardiologist with fatigue, lower leg edema, and distended abdomen. Physical and instrumental examination reveals severe deformities of cardiac valves, and fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavity. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis of the patient’s current condition?
 A. Angina pectoris
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Cardiogenic shock
D. Cardiac arrest
E. Left-sided heart failure 
F. Right-sidedheartfailure
A

F

17
Q 
Which of the following mechanisms is essential for development of heart failure in a patient with myocardial infarction? 
(More than one correct answers)
 A. Volume overload
B. Pressure overload
C. Reduced contractility
D. Increased compliance
E. Impaired relaxation
A

C, E

18
Q 
A 56-year-old woman dies in a hospital where she is being evaluated for shortness of breath, ankle edema, and mild hepatomegaly. Because of the gross appearance of the liver at necropsy in the photograph below, one would also expect to find
A. A pulmonary saddle embolus
B. Right heart failure
C. Portal vein thrombosis
D. Biliary cirrhosis
E. Splenic amyloidosis
A

B

S2 - Mini #1 (9 decks)

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