CV Disease I Flashcards
What are typical cardiac symptoms and signs?
Symptoms: SOB, chest pain, black out, dizzy
Signs: irregular pulse, BP
What is heart failure and what are the causes?
Reduced cardiac output
Cause: previous heart attack, high BP, genetic, drugs, idiopathic
How to diagnose heart failure?
Transthoraic echocardiograph
Symptoms and sign heart failure
Symptoms: fluid retention, breathlessness,
Signs: decreased BP, increase pulse, pitting oedema, ascites, increased JVP
What is infective endocarditis - organism, RF
Caused organisms: streptococcol/ staphylococcal
RF: abnormal valve, artificial valve, IV drug user
Symptoms of infective endocarditis?
Sweating, fever, rigor, weight loss
What is arrhythmia?
Abnormal heart rhythm
Bradycardia <60bpm, tachycardia >100bpm
Names 6 different types of tachycardia
AF, atrial flutter, supra-ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and ectopic beat
Atrial fibrillation: cause, ECG, symptoms and risk
Cause: hypertension, heart failure, obesity, alcohol
ECG: absent P waves, irregular QRS
Symptoms: asymptomatic palpitation, SOB, dizzy
Risk: increase stroke risk
Atrial flutter: ECG?
Rapid P wave - 2 per QRS
Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia: ECG, symptoms and risk
ECG: narrow QRS no P wave
Symptom: palpitation
Risk: rarely dangerous
Ventricular tachycardia: ECG, cause, symptoms
ECG: broad QRS
Cause: heart failure, drug, genetic
Symptom: palpitation, syncope, death
Ventricular fibrillation: ECG, risk
ECG: coarse fibrillation waves
Risk: sudden death
Ectopic beats: ECG, symptom and risk
ECG: narrow/ broad isolated QRS
Symptoms: palpitation
Common
Name 6 types of bradycardia
Sinus bradycardia, slow AF, 2nd degree heart block, 3rd degree - complete block, asystole
Sinus bradycardia: ECG, cause, symptom
ECG: normal
Cause: drug, fitness, hypothyroidism
Asymptomatic
Slow AF: ECG, cause, symptoms
ECG: normal ECG
Cause: drug, fitness, hypothyroidism
Symptom: SOB, tired, dizzy
Stroke risk
2nd degree heart block: ECG. cause, symptom and risk
ECG: intermittent failure conduct between P and QRS
Cause: drug, conduction disease, aortic endocarditis
Symptom: dizzy
Risk: progress complete
3rd degree bock: ECG, cause and symptom
ECG: no condition P and QRS
Cause: drug, conduction disease, aortic endocarditis
Symptoms: tired, dizzy, sob, syncope, death
Asystole: ECG, risk
ECG: flat line
Sudden death
What is acute coronary syndrome
Term that encompass MI and angina (can’t diagnose in primary setting)
RF coronary heart disease?
Smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, lack activity, high bP, genetic
What is angina and what are the symptoms?
When coronary arteries become obstructed - cause plaque
Symptoms: chest pressure, pain, indigestion
Last under 10 mins and onset on activity
Unstable angina - what symptoms?
Onset on rest and last more 10 mins
Increased freq, duration
What is MI?
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture = thrombosis = tissue death
Can occur any time inc at rest
