CV Disease I

Question 1

What are typical cardiac symptoms and signs?

Answer 1

Symptoms: SOB, chest pain, black out, dizzy
Signs: irregular pulse, BP

Question 2

What is heart failure and what are the causes?

Answer 2

Reduced cardiac output

Cause: previous heart attack, high BP, genetic, drugs, idiopathic

Question 3

How to diagnose heart failure?

Answer 3

Transthoraic echocardiograph

Question 4

Symptoms and sign heart failure

Answer 4

Symptoms: fluid retention, breathlessness,
Signs: decreased BP, increase pulse, pitting oedema, ascites, increased JVP

Question 5

What is infective endocarditis - organism, RF

Answer 5

Caused organisms: streptococcol/ staphylococcal

RF: abnormal valve, artificial valve, IV drug user

Question 6

Symptoms of infective endocarditis?

Answer 6

Sweating, fever, rigor, weight loss

Question 7

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 7

Abnormal heart rhythm

Bradycardia <60bpm, tachycardia >100bpm

Question 8

Names 6 different types of tachycardia

Answer 8

AF, atrial flutter, supra-ventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and ectopic beat

Question 9

Atrial fibrillation: cause, ECG, symptoms and risk

Answer 9

Cause: hypertension, heart failure, obesity, alcohol
ECG: absent P waves, irregular QRS
Symptoms: asymptomatic palpitation, SOB, dizzy
Risk: increase stroke risk

Question 10

Atrial flutter: ECG?

Answer 10

Rapid P wave - 2 per QRS

Question 11

Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia: ECG, symptoms and risk

Answer 11

ECG: narrow QRS no P wave
Symptom: palpitation
Risk: rarely dangerous

Question 12

Ventricular tachycardia: ECG, cause, symptoms

Answer 12

ECG: broad QRS
Cause: heart failure, drug, genetic
Symptom: palpitation, syncope, death

Question 13

Ventricular fibrillation: ECG, risk

Answer 13

ECG: coarse fibrillation waves
Risk: sudden death

Question 14

Ectopic beats: ECG, symptom and risk

Answer 14

ECG: narrow/ broad isolated QRS
Symptoms: palpitation
Common

Question 15

Name 6 types of bradycardia

Answer 15

Sinus bradycardia, slow AF, 2nd degree heart block, 3rd degree - complete block, asystole

Question 16

Sinus bradycardia: ECG, cause, symptom

Answer 16

ECG: normal
Cause: drug, fitness, hypothyroidism
Asymptomatic

Question 17

Slow AF: ECG, cause, symptoms

Answer 17

ECG: normal ECG
Cause: drug, fitness, hypothyroidism
Symptom: SOB, tired, dizzy
Stroke risk

Question 18

2nd degree heart block: ECG. cause, symptom and risk

Answer 18

ECG: intermittent failure conduct between P and QRS
Cause: drug, conduction disease, aortic endocarditis
Symptom: dizzy
Risk: progress complete

Question 19

3rd degree bock: ECG, cause and symptom

Answer 19

ECG: no condition P and QRS
Cause: drug, conduction disease, aortic endocarditis
Symptoms: tired, dizzy, sob, syncope, death

Question 20

Asystole: ECG, risk

Answer 20

ECG: flat line

Sudden death

Question 21

What is acute coronary syndrome

Answer 21

Term that encompass MI and angina (can’t diagnose in primary setting)

Question 22

RF coronary heart disease?

Answer 22

Smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, lack activity, high bP, genetic

Question 23

What is angina and what are the symptoms?

Answer 23

When coronary arteries become obstructed - cause plaque
Symptoms: chest pressure, pain, indigestion
Last under 10 mins and onset on activity

Question 24

Unstable angina - what symptoms?

Answer 24

Onset on rest and last more 10 mins

Increased freq, duration

Question 25

What is MI?

Answer 25

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture = thrombosis = tissue death

Can occur any time inc at rest