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CRRAB Week 2 - WLB > CV Development - Severson > Flashcards

CV Development - Severson Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm and neural crest in heart development?

A
  • Heart develops from splanchnic mesoderm
  • Neural crest cells participate in the septation of the outflow tract and the formation of the aortic arches
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2
Q

What is the major venous drainage leading to the developing heart tube?

A
  • Vitelline veins (portal system)
    • drains the developing GI tract and carries O2 poor blood
  • Umbilical veins
    • carry O2 rich blood from the placenta → fetus
  • Cardinal veins (anterior, common, posterior)
    • form Caval system
    • returns O2 poor blood from the body to the heart
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3
Q

What is the fate of the vitelline artery?

A
  • Give rise to the:
    • celiac artery
    • superior mesenteric artery
    • inferior mesenteric artery
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4
Q

What is the fate of the umbilical artery?

A
  • Distal part:
    • forms the Medial Umbilical Ligaments
  • Proximal part:
    • remains as the Internal Iliac Arteries & the Superior Vesical Artery
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5
Q

What are the major embryological components of the early developing heart tube?

(hint: 5 total)

A
  1. Sinus venosus
  2. Primitive atrium
  3. Primitive ventricle
  4. Bulbus cordis
  5. Truncus arteriosus
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6
Q

What is the flow of blood through the primordial heart?

A
  1. Sinus venosus
  2. Primitive atrium
  3. Primitive ventricle
  4. Bulbus cordis
  5. Truncus arteriosus
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7
Q

What is the developmental source of the smooth part of the right and left atrium?

A
  • Right = spinous spinosus
  • Left = spinous spinosus
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8
Q

What are the 10 steps of Fetal Circulation?

A
  1. Placenta
  2. Umbilical Vein
  3. Ductus Venosus (liver)
  4. Inferior Vena Cava
  5. Right Atrium
  6. Foramen Ovale
  7. Left Atrium
  8. Left Ventricle
  9. Aorta
  10. Descenting Aorta
  11. Body
  12. Deoxygenated blood returns back to the Right Atrium and mixes with oxygenated blood.
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9
Q

What role do endocardial cushions play in heart development?

A
  • Divide the atrioventricular canal into R/L channels
  • Help form tricuspid and mitral valves
  • Contribute to membranous portion of the intraventricular septum
  • Participate in the closure of the Primary Interartrial Foramen
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10
Q

How do the R/L Atrioventricular Canals become partitioned?

A
  1. Endocardial cushions migrate from ventral & dorsal sides
  2. Ventral/Dorsal endocardial cushions fuse
  3. Endocardial cushions break free from endocardial walls
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11
Q

How do the primitive atria partition?

A
  1. Primary septum migrates towards endocardial cushions (space b/t becomes 1° foramen)
  2. Primary septum attaches to cushions and superior region perforates via apoptosis
    1. space forms 2° foramen
  3. Secondary septum forms to the right of the primary septum origin
    1. space forms Foramen Ovale
  4. Primary septum serves as a valve flap to close the foramen ovale after birth
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12
Q

How do the primitive ventricles partition?

A
  1. Endocardial wall migrates upward
  2. Muscular & membranous Interventricular Septum divide the primitive ventricles
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13
Q

What does the muscular portion of the interventricular septum form from?

A

active proliferation of myoblasts

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14
Q

What does the membranous portion of the interventricular septum form from?

A

fusion of bulbar ridges (aorticopulmonary septum) and endocardial cushions

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15
Q

What are the Bulbar and Truncal Ridge Tissues derived from?

A

Neural crest mesenchyme

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16
Q

How do the Bulbar and Truncal ridge tissues form the aorticopulmonary septum?

A
  • Neural crest mesenchyme forms two endothelial thickenings
  • Thickenings meet and fuse in middle to form Aorticopulmonary Septum
    • divides into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
    • tube spirals so aorta goes right and pulmonary trunk goes left
17
Q

How does the heart’s conducting system develop?

A

***

18
Q

What are the contributions of the fourth aortic arch in the development of the major newborn structures?

A
  • Left 4th aortic arch contributes to aortic arch
  • Right 4th aortic arch contributes to right subclavian artery (proximal portion)
19
Q

What are the contributions of the sixth aortic arch in the development of the major newborn structures?

A
  • Left proximal portion:
    • forms proximal part of left pulmonary artery
  • Left distal portion:
    • forms ductus arteriosus
  • Right proximal portion:
    • contributes to proximal part of right pulmonary artery
20
Q

What changes from fetal to postnatal circulation at birth?

A
  • Foramen ovale closes
  • Ductus arteriosus → ligamentum arteriosum
  • Umbilical vein → round ligament of the liver
  • Ductus venosus → ligamentum venosum
  • Distal Umbilical arteries → medial umbilical ligaments
  • Proximal Umbilical arteries → Internal iliac arteries & superior vesical artery
21
Q

What role do prostaglandins play in fetal circulation? How do they change at birth?

A
  • Increased blood oxygenation
    • inhibits PG synthesis
    • release of bradykinin
  • Leads to contraction of the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus
    • that’s why Indomethacin (PG synthesis inhibitor) can be given to premature infant with patent ductus arteriosus

CRRAB Week 2 - WLB (9 decks)

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