CV and Resp Adaptations

Question 1

What are the 2 ways the body maximizes O2 levels?

Answer 1

1. Increasing CO and return

2. Increasing opportunities for gas exchange

Question 2

Cardiac acute exercise adaptations

Answer 2

Increase preload (increase CO)
Increase contractility (increase CO)

Question 3

How does exercise affect venous return?

Answer 3

Increasing venous return through muscle pumps, decreasing venous compliance, and dilating arterioles

Question 4

Cardiac chronic exercise adaptations

Answer 4

LV remodeling - increase wall thickness and chamber volume

Angiogenesis - more blood vessels to oxygenate thicker tissue

Question 5

Respiratory acute exercise adaptions

Answer 5

Increase ventilation, relax bronchial muscles (decrease resistance)

Question 6

Respiratory chronic exercise adaptions

Answer 6

Doesn’t change structure, but increases strength and endurance of respiratory muscles

Question 7

Relationship between arterial O2 and CO2 during exercise

Answer 7

No change in arterial O2 levels

Increase in arterial CO2 levels (decrease when very strenuous exercise)

Question 8

Why does the body need to adapt to higher alititudes?

Answer 8

There is a decrease in atmospheric PO2, but the body still requires the same amount of oxygen

Question 9

How does the body respond to an altitude increase? Rapid vs Long-term

Answer 9

Rapid: increase HR, increase ventilation, increase pressure

Long-term: HR returns to normal, ventilation and pressure stays increased, [Hb] increases with EPO expression, increased metabolism, decreased appetite