CV and Blood Flashcards
Blood
Is a fluid(specialized) connective tissue made up of cells and plasma
What is the blood functions?
- Transport of nutrients and oxygen to cells
- Transport of wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells
- Delievery of hormones to and from cells
- Maintains homeostasis(participates in coagulation and thermoregulation)
- Transports cells of the immune system to protect the body
Hematopoiesis
It is the formation of blood cells.
Where is hemoatopoesis first recognized ?
Yolk Sac of the developing embryo, liver and spleen take over function early fetal period
What is the major blood forming organ during the second trimester of development?
Liver
Where does hematopoiesis takes place in of the fifth month of fetal development?
Bone Marrow
What is bone marrow?
Is the primary site for blood cell development after birth.
What is PHSC(pluoripotent hematopoietic stem cells)?
Is the stem cell for all blood cells and cell fragments.
What are the percentage of formed elements? And what are the three things they composed of?
45%.
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes.
What does the buffy coat consist of?
(1%) Leukocytes and Platlets
What is the percentage of Plasma? And what is it composed of?
55%
- Water(92%)
- Proteins(%7) and Albumin makes up 58% of the proteins and there is also fibrinogen,, globulins and other regulatory proteins
-Electrolytes, nutrients, gases and waste products.
What are megakaryocytes?
They are large cells with a nucleus( polyploid) and they produce platelets.
-They release platelets into the blood stream.
Where are magakaryocytes found?
Only found in the bone marrow
What are platelets?
- They are non-nucleated cell fragments
- Promote blood clotting
- Repair minor tears/leaks in blood vessel walls
What is the most formed element?
Erythrocytes.. Makes up 99%
What is the lifespan of a RBC?
120 days
Is the RBC nucleated?
Nope and it is bi-concave
Why is there a biconcave shape of the RBC?
Increase surface area, to transport Gas exchange.
Do the RBC allow deformation?
YES! Because it is not rigid bc of its shape.
Does the RBC stack?
Yes, because it is for easy flow through the blood vessels.
When do RBC lose their nucleus?
In the bone marrow and it also has NO organelles
How many polypeptide chains of globin does hemoglobin have?
4 and each subunit contains a heme(iron)
What do we stain hemoglobin?
Eosin.
For WBC’s, what are the two components they are divided into?
- Granulocytes(non specific)
2. Argranulocytes(non specific)
What are granulocytes?
White blood cells with specific granules
What are agranulocytes?
White blood cells without specific granules
How do we identify a granulocyte or a agranulocyte?
- Cytoplasm( for frequency of granules)
2. Nucleus( to determine number of lobes, size and position.
Neutrophils, Eosinphils and Basophils… agranulocyte or granulocyte?
Granulocyte.
Are lymphocytes and Monocytes agranulocytes or granulocytes?
Agranulocytes
Which is more numerous, Granulocytes or Agranulocytes?
Granulocytes and they have 2 to 5 lobes.
What kinds of cytoplasm do Granulocytes have?
Specific Granules
Azurophilic granules
Tertiary Granules
What are specific granules?
They contain bacteriolytic enzymes.
What are Azurophilic granules?
Non specific granules, lysosomes
What are tertiary granules?
Non-specific granule, facilitate movement through connective tissue.
Which is the first line of defense, Granulocytes or Agranulocytes?
Granulocytes.
How many lobes does a Eosinophil have?
2-3 lobed nucleus and they are Large in granules
What type of cytoplasm does eosinophils have?
- Parasitic infection(Specific granules)
2. Azurophilic- lysosomes.
What do Eosinophils respond too?
Inflammatory and allergic reactions..
That is why they engulf bacteria or parasites and realase toxic compounds
How many lobes do Basophils have?
2 lobed nucleus
What type of cytoplasm does Basophils have?
- Large deep granules that contain Histamine and heparin(prevents clotting)
- Azurophilic-lysosomes
What do Basophils respond too?
Activated by exposure to an antigen/allergen
That is why they release vasoactive agents from the specific granules.
What is the LARGEST circulating WBC?
Monocyte(Agranulocyte)
What do monocytes look like?
A kidney bean, because of the indented nucleus.
Do Monocytes have specific cytoplasm?
No, they have nonspecific granules in cytoplasm.
What are monocytes called once they migrate into tissue?
They are then called a Macrophage.
What has the largest nucleus to cytoplasm ration?
Lymphocytes.
What is the role of Lymphocytes?
Their role is for immunological defenses..
They have 4 types:
t-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
NKC
Lymphocytes
They exit blood to enter tissues, then reenter to travel the body
What are the three layers of the heart?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What are the three layers of vessels?
- Tunica adventitia(connective tissue)
- Tunica media(smooth muscle)
- Tunica intima(endothelium)
