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Anatomy: CV and Blood > CV and Blood > Flashcards

CV and Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

Is a fluid(specialized) connective tissue made up of cells and plasma

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2
Q

What is the blood functions?

A
  • Transport of nutrients and oxygen to cells
  • Transport of wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells
  • Delievery of hormones to and from cells
  • Maintains homeostasis(participates in coagulation and thermoregulation)
  • Transports cells of the immune system to protect the body
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3
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

It is the formation of blood cells.

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4
Q

Where is hemoatopoesis first recognized ?

A

Yolk Sac of the developing embryo, liver and spleen take over function early fetal period

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5
Q

What is the major blood forming organ during the second trimester of development?

A

Liver

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6
Q

Where does hematopoiesis takes place in of the fifth month of fetal development?

A

Bone Marrow

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7
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

Is the primary site for blood cell development after birth.

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8
Q

What is PHSC(pluoripotent hematopoietic stem cells)?

A

Is the stem cell for all blood cells and cell fragments.

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9
Q

What are the percentage of formed elements? And what are the three things they composed of?

A

45%.

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes.

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10
Q

What does the buffy coat consist of?

A

(1%) Leukocytes and Platlets

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11
Q

What is the percentage of Plasma? And what is it composed of?

A

55%

  • Water(92%)
  • Proteins(%7) and Albumin makes up 58% of the proteins and there is also fibrinogen,, globulins and other regulatory proteins

-Electrolytes, nutrients, gases and waste products.

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12
Q

What are megakaryocytes?

A

They are large cells with a nucleus( polyploid) and they produce platelets.

-They release platelets into the blood stream.

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13
Q

Where are magakaryocytes found?

A

Only found in the bone marrow

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14
Q

What are platelets?

A
  • They are non-nucleated cell fragments
  • Promote blood clotting
  • Repair minor tears/leaks in blood vessel walls
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15
Q

What is the most formed element?

A

Erythrocytes.. Makes up 99%

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16
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days

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17
Q

Is the RBC nucleated?

A

Nope and it is bi-concave

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18
Q

Why is there a biconcave shape of the RBC?

A

Increase surface area, to transport Gas exchange.

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19
Q

Do the RBC allow deformation?

A

YES! Because it is not rigid bc of its shape.

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20
Q

Does the RBC stack?

A

Yes, because it is for easy flow through the blood vessels.

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21
Q

When do RBC lose their nucleus?

A

In the bone marrow and it also has NO organelles

22
Q

How many polypeptide chains of globin does hemoglobin have?

A

4 and each subunit contains a heme(iron)

23
Q

What do we stain hemoglobin?

A

Eosin.

24
Q

For WBC’s, what are the two components they are divided into?

A
  1. Granulocytes(non specific)

2. Argranulocytes(non specific)

25
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

White blood cells with specific granules

26
Q

What are agranulocytes?

A

White blood cells without specific granules

27
Q

How do we identify a granulocyte or a agranulocyte?

A
  1. Cytoplasm( for frequency of granules)

2. Nucleus( to determine number of lobes, size and position.

28
Q

Neutrophils, Eosinphils and Basophils… agranulocyte or granulocyte?

A

Granulocyte.

29
Q

Are lymphocytes and Monocytes agranulocytes or granulocytes?

A

Agranulocytes

30
Q

Which is more numerous, Granulocytes or Agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes and they have 2 to 5 lobes.

31
Q

What kinds of cytoplasm do Granulocytes have?

A

Specific Granules

Azurophilic granules

Tertiary Granules

32
Q

What are specific granules?

A

They contain bacteriolytic enzymes.

33
Q

What are Azurophilic granules?

A

Non specific granules, lysosomes

34
Q

What are tertiary granules?

A

Non-specific granule, facilitate movement through connective tissue.

35
Q

Which is the first line of defense, Granulocytes or Agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes.

36
Q

How many lobes does a Eosinophil have?

A

2-3 lobed nucleus and they are Large in granules

37
Q

What type of cytoplasm does eosinophils have?

A
  1. Parasitic infection(Specific granules)

2. Azurophilic- lysosomes.

38
Q

What do Eosinophils respond too?

A

Inflammatory and allergic reactions..

That is why they engulf bacteria or parasites and realase toxic compounds

39
Q

How many lobes do Basophils have?

A

2 lobed nucleus

40
Q

What type of cytoplasm does Basophils have?

A
  • Large deep granules that contain Histamine and heparin(prevents clotting)
  • Azurophilic-lysosomes
41
Q

What do Basophils respond too?

A

Activated by exposure to an antigen/allergen

That is why they release vasoactive agents from the specific granules.

42
Q

What is the LARGEST circulating WBC?

A

Monocyte(Agranulocyte)

43
Q

What do monocytes look like?

A

A kidney bean, because of the indented nucleus.

44
Q

Do Monocytes have specific cytoplasm?

A

No, they have nonspecific granules in cytoplasm.

45
Q

What are monocytes called once they migrate into tissue?

A

They are then called a Macrophage.

46
Q

What has the largest nucleus to cytoplasm ration?

A

Lymphocytes.

47
Q

What is the role of Lymphocytes?

A

Their role is for immunological defenses..

They have 4 types:
t-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
NKC

48
Q

Lymphocytes

A

They exit blood to enter tissues, then reenter to travel the body

49
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
50
Q

What are the three layers of vessels?

A
  1. Tunica adventitia(connective tissue)
  2. Tunica media(smooth muscle)
  3. Tunica intima(endothelium)

Anatomy: CV and Blood (1 decks)

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