CV ANATOMY Flashcards
What does the CV system consist of?
- Consists of cardio which is the heart (pump) & vascular which are arteries, arterioles, veins, venules & capillaries.
What are the 2 circuits that are attached in series?
- Pulmonary circuit
- Systemic circuit
Where does the pulmonary circuit send blood to?
- Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs, so that it may become oxygenated
Where does the systemic circuit send blood to & through what?
- Sends blood to the rest of the body through capillary networks
What is the heart surrounded by & where is it located?
- Surrounded by the pericardium
- Located in middle mediastinum
Where is the mediastinum located & where does it extend to?
- Located b/w 2 pleural cavities
- Extends from sternum to vertebral column, from the first rib to the diaphragm & b/w the lungs
What does the pericardium fuse w/ & what does this mean?
- Fuses w/ the central tendon of the diaphragm
- Means that whenever you breathe, your heart goes for a ride
What does the pericardium consist of?
- Parietal pericardium
- Visceral pericardium
What is the parietal pericardium?
- Epithelial lining the actual pericardial cavity
What does the visceral pericardium do?
- Lines the surface of the heart & is actually part of the heart wall
What do both layers of the pericardium secrete & what does this allow?
- Secrete lubricating fluid (i.e. serous fluid)
- Allows heart to move around pericardial cavity in friction-free manner
What does the heart look like?
- Looks like blunted cone, shifted to the left & tilted on side & covered in pericardium
What is the heart roughly the size of & what is it responsible for?
- Roughly the size of a fist
- Responsible for pumping 4-5 L/minute of blood throughout body
What is located at the bottom of the heart & what is it formed by?
- Apex of the heart is located at bottom & forms an “arrow-shape”
- Formed by the tip of the left ventricle
What is located at the top of the heart & what does it give rise to?
- Base of the heart
- Great vessels
What is mostly made up of the right atrium?
- The right border
What is mostly made up of the left musculature of the left ventricle?
- The left border
What surface is attached to the diaphragm?
- Inferior surface
What does the Superior Vena Cava do?
Where does it flow into?
- Major vein that brings systemic blood back from the upper limbs, the head & parts of the thoracic cavity
- Right atrium
What does the Inferior Vena Cava do?
Where does it flow into?
- Returns blood from the rest of the thorax, the abdomen & lower limbs
- Right atrium
What can you see on the anterior surface of the heart?
- Arch of the aorta
Where does the aorta arise from & what does it give off?
Where does it quickly dive behind?
- Arises from the base of the heart
- Gives off 3 major branches that will feed the upper limbs & the head
- Dives behind the heart into the abdominal cavity & services the lower limbs
Why isn’t the aorta seen?
- Its location is behind the heart
What structure comes off the right ventricle?
- Pulmonary trunk
Where are the sternum & vertebrae location?
- Sternum is out front
- Vertebrae is out back
What is the mediastinum locked in b/w?
- B/w 2 bony structures & the heart is locked b/w them
What is performed when someone’s heart has stopped?
What do you apply pressure to?
How does the heart fill up w/ blood again?
- Applied cardiac compressions
- Sternum bc the person’s heart is located there- apply pressure & squeeze the blood out of it
- When you release pressure
What can the mediastinum be broken down into?
- M.A.P.S.
- Middle mediastinum
- Anterior mediastinum
- Posterior mediastinum
- Superior mediastinum