CV Flashcards
systolic murmurs
ASMR
diastolic murmurs
MSAR
causes of S3
enlarged LV. may be physiologic (athlete, child) OR pathologic (CHF, DCM)
causes of S4
forceful atrial contraction ejecting blood into stiff LV (always pathologic: HTN, aortic stenosis w/ LV hypertrophy, HCM, CHF)
when is physiologic split of S2 heard?
during inspiration
how would you position a patient/your steth to hear S3?
LLD with bell at M (apex of heart)
how would you position a patient/your steth to hear S4?
LLD with bell at M (apex of heart)
how would you position a patient/your steth to hear MR?
(maybe LLD) with diaphragm at M (apex of heart)
have patient clench their fist to enhance sound of murmur
how would you position a patient/your steth to hear MS?
LLD at M (apex of heart)
how would you position a patient/your steth to hear AR?
seated, leaning forward with steth at P
how would you position a patient/your steth to hear AS?
seated, leaning forward with steth at A
what diseases are associated with mitral stenosis?
rheumatic heart disease
what diseases are associated with aortic regurg?
rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, Marfan
what diseases are associated with mitral regurg?
rheumatic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, post-MI, Marfan
what diseases are associated with aortic stenosis?
being elderly (lol not really a disease), rheumatic heart disease
what physical exam findings accompany MR?
possible S3, displaced PMI
what physical exam findings accompany MS?
loud S1, opening snap, pulmonary HTN, atrial fib
what physical exam findings accompany AR?
bounding pulse, S3, displaced PMI
what physical exam findings accompany AS?
S4, large/prominent PMI, weak/delayed carotid pulse
can AS murmur radiate anywhere?
yes, carotids
can MR murmur radiate anywhere?
yes, L axilla
can AR murmur radiate anywhere?
yes, apex and R sternal border
can MS murmur radiate anywhere?
not likely
