CV

Question 1

1% increase in endo function can cause _% increase in life expectancy?

Answer 1

13%

Question 2

list ways endothelial function can be measured

Answer 2

IVUS, laser doppler flowmetry, blood biomarkers (ICAM, VCAM, NO)

Question 3

endothelium-derived chemicals (vasodilatory)

Answer 3

NO, PGs, endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factors

Question 4

endothelium-derived chemicals (vasoconstricting)

Answer 4

endothelin, prostanoids

Question 5

3 types of NOS

Answer 5

neuronal, inducible, endothelial

Question 6

how does eNOS produce NO?

Answer 6

conversion of L-arginine and O2 into L-citrulline and NO

Question 7

what maintains eNOS in its dimeric form?

Answer 7

BH4

Question 8

why is BH4 necessary for eNOS function?

Answer 8

Keeps eNOS in dimeric form, if monomeric, O2 gets converted into O2- (ROS) and NO cannot be produced

Question 9

how does NO bring about vasodilation?

Answer 9

NO in EC -> VSMC, activates sGC which catalyses cGMP -> activates PKG, which brings about vasodilatory responses

Question 10

what does PKG do?

Answer 10

inhibits Ca release from SR, activates ca-dependent K+ channel which then inhibits LTCCs, and decreases sensitivity of myosin (reducing its phos and thus causing relaxation)

Question 11

what management potential was highlighted in the paper

Answer 11

anti-hypertensive targeting. specifically for patients who are insensitive to dietary salt or who do not react effectively to ACEi/ARBs

Question 12

what do the findings suggest about NSAIDS’ hypertensive SE?

Answer 12

likely brought about as a result of decreased PG production by COX inhibition, and thus reduced activation of EP4 (etc), therefore less NO produced and vasorelaxation is reduced.

Question 13

key paper conclusions

Answer 13

EP4 activation enhances vasodilation in a NO/eNOS-dependent manner via the AMPK mechanism