Cutaneous Malignancies Flashcards
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common what?
What is the most common presenting complaint of BCC?
It rarely does what?
How does it advance?
Invasive malignant cutaneous neoplasm
Bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and recurs
Rarely metastasizes
Main risk factor for BCC and patient population?
UVB radiation exposure
Elderly population
What is the mechanism of UVB and its effect?
How does BCC grow?
DNA damager and its repair system. Alters immune system
Direct extension
85% of BCC appear where?
Where is the most common site?
Head and neck, upper lip
Nose alone
What is the most common form of BCC?
Nodular BCC
What is the second most common cancer among whites people?
What is a big difference between BCC and skin SCC?
Metastasis is very rare in BCC and SCC has much higher risk of metastasis
What are the two major groups of SCC based on malignant potential?
Those arising from prior radiation or thermal injury, chronic draining sinuses or chronic ulcers (more aggressive)
Originating in actinically damaged skin (less aggressive)
3 common sites on the body that we find SCC but that is rare for BCC?
Scalp, backs of hands, superior surface of the pinna
What is a precursor lesion to SCC and how does that precursor lesion present?
Actinic keratosis
Red, inflamed, hyperkeratotic scaly lesion
4 things to remember about melanoma:
Most dangerous and deadly
High metastatic potential
Poor prognosis with metastasis
UV light
4 types of melanoma and describe each one?
Superficial spreading, most common, radial growth
Lentigo maligna melanoma, radial growth, most common in elderly
Nodular, early vertical growth, poor prognosis.
Acral lentiginous, not UV related, arises in dark skinned peeps on palms and soles
How do we distinguish melanoma clinically?
What are two late clinical signs of melanoma?
ABCD
Ulceration and bleeding
What are 3 common colors of melanoma and 2 others in addition but not as common?
Red white and blue
Brown and black
What must be referred to specialist in regards to melanoma?
What is the most important prognostic factor of melanoma?
Diagnosis of melanoma is by what?
Diagnosis, biopsy and excision
Depth of invasion
Excisional biopsy
How to perform diagnostic excisional biopsy of melanoma lesion?
Must contain 1-2 mm of normal skin and normal subcutaneous fat
5 skin procedures when dealing with lesions that we can perform?
Which one is most common?
Shave biopsy, most common Punch biopsy Excision and invision/wedge biopsy Electrosurgery devices Destructive techniques like freezing it off
What 3 cancers is prutitus a manifestation of?
Lymphoma, leukemia, and CNS tumors
What cancer is acanthosis nigricans highly associated with?
Gastric cancer
What cancer can vitiligo be associated with?
Malignant melanoma
What 3 tumors can pemphigus occur with?
Lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, thymic tumors
What disease and cancer is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?
Celiac disease and gastrointestinal lymphoma
How do we best characterize actinic keratosis and what patient population does it most commonly occur in?
Scaly, erythematous macule or patch not he skin and usually develops in the sun exposed areas of elderly and fair skinned individuals.
What is Bowen’s disease and what can we also call it and what is the main sign of it?
Very early form of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ. This is confined to the epidermis.
Red, scaly patch on skin.
What is erythroplasia of Queyrat and what is it associated with?
In situ SCC affecting the glans penis or vulva
HOV infection
