Custom Practice Flashcards
Which of the following is true of Transactional Analysis (TA) ?
Transactional Analysis, a theory developed by Eric Berne, is a positive view of human capacity for change. TA therapy is a collaborative contract between counselor and client, with the counselor primarily offering suggestions for change to meet the client’s goals. TA has many strengths, but has few techniques of its own and primarily borrows from other approaches.
You are meeting with a client for the first time. During the intake process you are attempting to gain more understanding as to why they have sought out treatment. The client shares that they have begun to hear voices at night and worry that there are cameras in their home recording them. Provided what the client has expressed, which of the following categories of disorders should be considered FIRST to assist in determining a diagnosis?
Explanation for this problem
In consideration of the the clients reporting of hearing voices as well as expressed paranoia of being recorded by cameras in their home, the category of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders should be considered first. Such disorders consist of for example: hallucinations, delusions or disorganized speech.
What are the expectations about how each gender should act, think, speak, and interact within society?
Explanation for this problem
Gender roles are the expectations about how each gender should act, think, speak, and interact within society. Many people stereotype others or make generalizations based on gender roles in society. Gender norms are social principles that govern what is considered acceptable or appropriate behavior for a person based on their gender.
What is the purpose of a biopsychosocial assessment?
The biopsychosocial assessment covers a client’s biology, psychology, and social connectedness. It is used in counseling to determine steps in treatment planning.
Which of the following microskills of an effective counselor involves being open, honest, and genuine with the client?
Microskills are the basic foundational tools involved in developing effective counseling relationships. Authenticity is when the counselor is open, honest, and genuine with the client. When the counselor is authentic, it helps them to connect with the client and build trust.
Empathy is the ability to understand what the client is thinking, feeling, and experiencing. When a counselor has a tolerance of intimacy, they are able to care for the client and allow a close professional relationship to develop.
A client is seeking to sue for harm they suffered while in treatment with their former counselor. The client is claiming that the counselor committed malpractice and, as a result, they suffered harm. If the client’s claims are substantiated, they will most likely receive a financial award rather than the counselor facing imprisonment. This common type of suit is MOST accurately labeled as which of the following?
The correct answer is civil liability. When civil liability occurs, a counselor has committed harm towards the client, but such harm is not considered to be criminal or illegal. Civil liability suits typically result in a financial award for the client and not imprisonment for the counselor.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Counselors should not be concerned with the nonverbal messages that they are communicating to their clients, but counselors should be concerned with the nonverbal messages that clients are communicating.
A clinical interview is a discussion between the counselor and the client designed to diagnose and plan treatment for the client. Which of the following options is a difference between a clinical interview and a normal conversation?
All of these are differences between a clinical interview and a normal conversation. A clinical interview has a focused, defined purpose. A normal conversation can easily move from subject to subject. In a clinical interview, the roles of the counselor and client are clearly defined. The counselor asks the client questions about their thoughts, emotions, and personal issues but the client does not ask the counselor personal information. In a normal conversation with a friend, both parties can share personal information equally. Finally, a clinical interview has a specific time frame, during the counseling appointment. When speaking with a friend or acquaintance, the conversation can be five minutes long or five hours long.
Which of the following principles of client-centered therapy is based on the belief that modeling honesty with the client will lead to the client being honest in return?
Genuineness is the principle of client-centered therapy based on the belief that modeling honesty with the client will lead to the client learning to be honest in return. Rogers reasoned that if the counselor presented a mask to the client, the client would realize this, and present his or her own mask.
Unconditional positive regard and empathy are also primary principles of client-centered therapy. Rogers also believed human nature is to improve and become the best person you can be. This process is called self-actualization.
What is it called when an individual often complains about aspects of others that are present in their own personality?
If an individual often complains about aspects of others that are present in their own personality, this is referred to as projection. Projection is when someone is in denial about an aspect of themself and projects it upon others.
Introjection occurs when someone passively experiences the world. Confluence involves blurring the lines between self and the world. In this case, the person is interacting with the world but not maintaining his or her individuality. Retroflection is when someone does to themself what he wants to do to someone else.
There are several issues that are common to elementary-aged children. Which of the following issues is characterized by repeated aggression and intimidation of a peer?
Bullying is when a student is experiencing repeated acts of intimidation or aggression from a peer. This could include another student teasing them, calling them names, or pushing them around.
Poor social skills, learning disabilities, and parental abuse are also common issues in elementary school students. Poor social skills means the child interacts with their peers in unhealthy ways. Learning disabilities are processing problems that can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing, or math. Parental abuse occurs when parents deliberately inflict harm on their children. This can include physical abuse or emotional abuse.
A mental status exam is a clinical interview used to get a good idea of the client’s mental health. Which of the following characteristics should the counselor observe, in addition to the answers to their direct questions?
To get a full picture of the client’s mental health status, it is important to observe all of these characteristics. In addition to the answers to the counselor’s questions, the counselor should also observe the patient’s behavior, appearance, attitude, movements, and body language.
A group that works to interpret and process background information and personal history while focusing on the present, focuses on the growth of the individual throughout the group process, and focuses on the growth of the individual’s social development both within and outside of the group is based on what group theory?
Adlerian groups are centered around the theory/philosophy of Alfred Adler, and focuses on the present, education, individualized goals and treatment within the group, and working through the present and how it relates to one’s background.
The statement, “Women are just better at English than Science or Math” is an example of what?
This statement is an example of a stereotype. When someone makes an assumption about a person or group based off their gender, social status, or ethnic group, it’s stereotyping. Stereotypes most often aren’t based on fact, and can be harmful.
A counselor is serving a client with bipolar disorder. In their sessions together, the counselor and the client focus on managing the client’s lifestyle and stressors to maintain the client’s sense of control over their symptoms. The client has also been taking medication that has helped with symptom management. Which of the following best describes the type of prevention being used to help the client in this scenario?
This scenario demonstrates tertiary prevention because the client has a current and active diagnosis. The care provided by the counselor aims to prevent the severity of the mental health condition from advancing.
Which of the following is not a mental health resource offered by colleges and universities?
Most colleges and universities offer students individual sessions, group sessions, and seminars throughout the semester. Residential treatments would be through community organizations outside of the college.
A counselor has been providing individual counseling to a 37-year-old female client named Katie. Katie is shy and introverted and has recently been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Over the last few months in counseling, she has been learning methods to manage her anxiety and is successfully socializing more. The counselor bonded with Katie over their love of reading and suggested Katie join a book club. Katie joined the book club and has made several new friends. At the end of this week’s counseling session, Katie asked the counselor to join her for this month’s book club. The counselor does not know if it is appropriate for her to join a book club with her client. Which of the key ethical guidelines for counseling should be considered in this situation?
The counselor should consider the ethical guideline for avoiding dual relationships with clients. There is a power imbalance between the client and the counselor, and counselors have an ethical responsibility to maintain a professional relationship with their clients. Developing a friendship or outside relationship with a client is not professional and should be avoided.
Which aspect of the biopsychosocial assessment involves questions about an individual’s mental status, thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and history of trauma or abuse?
The psychological aspect of the biopsychosocial assessment involves questions about an individual’s mental status, thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and history of trauma or abuse.
The biological aspect of the biopsychosocial assessment involves questions about age, physical characteristics, genetic issues, family history, and developmental milestones. The social aspect of the biopsychosocial assessment involves questions about societal or cultural influences, such as religion, community involvement, or relationship status.
A 13-year-old client presents with a general lack of respect for others and behaviors deemed rude by their parents, classmates, and teachers. The client came to therapy after repeatedly cheating at school, cutting classes, and disregarding class assignments. Which of the following disorders may be applicable?
Conduct disorder is a development disorder wherein a child may behave rudely or with a disregard for others. This disorder typically leads to rule-breaking. An antisocial personality disorder is not diagnosed in clients under the age of 18.
A high school student has recently enrolled in college and signed up for their first semester of classes. What is the formal process of entering college called?
The formal process of entering or enrolling in college is called matriculation. Matriculation involves enrollment in school, but often refers to college or university enrollment.
Graduation is the step that is taken once a student complete all the requirements of study. Student retention is the number of students that successfully complete their academic programs or stay in school.
A counselor is meeting with a client who identifies as being female, bisexual and Native American. In treatment, the counselor should be aware of and considerate of the client’s identities. In order to practice this awareness, which of the following should the counselor be sure to prioritize in treatment?
The client has expressed that they identify as being female, bisexual and Native American; considering this, the counselor will have to hold awareness of intersectionality. The counselor will need to be mindful of how the client’s identities interact and impact their way of being in the world.
A counselor meets with a new client for the first time and asks about their goals and history, while also observing their non-verbal behaviors and appearance. What type of clinical interview might this be?
The first appointment with a patient is called an intake interview and consists of gathering information and determing the purpose of the visit.
What is it called when a counselor maintains the privacy of a client and their identifying information?
Confidentiality is when a counselor maintains the privacy of a client and their identifying information. Counselors have the obligation to breach confidentiality when people’s physical safety is at risk.
A counselor is engaged within an initial session with a new client. The counselor shares with their client that the content of their sessions will be kept private. The counselor notes that there are exceptions to this when there is a need to disclose session content due to ethical or legal reasons. What aspect of the counseling process was the counselor engaging their client within?
The counselor was engaged within the counseling process of discussing confidentiality. Confidentiality should be addressed with clients during the first session. Clients should be informed that the content shared during sessions remains confidential with the exception of concerns related to ethical or legal reasons.
A client recently attended a therapy session and told her friend of the good experience she had in counseling. She explained to her friend, “The counselor was very nice and understanding, helped me feel comfortable, and seemed unbiased and supportive when I discussed my concerns.” Which of the following basic moral qualities did the client experience in the session?
Empathy is a basic and core skill of counseling. Empathy assists with building a therapeutic relationship, understanding the client as a unique person, and being non judgmental and unbiased.
Which process of acculturation occurs when new traits of culture are developed to meet the demands of the environment?
Origination is the process of acculturation that occurs when new traits of culture are developed to meet the demands of the environment.
What is it called when an individual modifies their behavior based on the consequences that follow that behavior?
Operant conditioning is when an individual modifies their behavior based on the consequences that follow that behavior. These consequences can be a punishment or a reward. If someone is given a reward after a specific behavior, they will increase that behavior.
A Ph.D. student is analyzing the results of her research. She is fearful that her dissertation will be frowned upon because her results do not support her hypothesis. She decides to modify the results from her data collection to yield more favorable results. What best describes the legal and/or ethical ramifications of engaging in this activity?
While there is no law that states that the results have to be true, writing and attesting to falsified results can taint a person’s reputation. Without a law in place, falsifying documentation for research results is not illegal. It would, however, be considered unethical because other researchers may reference the misleading data when conducting their own research studies.
A counselor has begun to process needs with a new client and processes background information, symptoms and assessment of concerns. These concerns and presenting problems will be utilized to assist the client and counselor with:
Setting goals is the third stage in working through the consultation process. Setting goals comes after establishing a relationship and processing presenting problems.
Examining various scores in a dataset and how closely aligned they are as well as analyzing the variance of the data set can help researchers to determine which of the following?
Variance assists researchers in examining the spread of different numbers in a particular dataset.
Counseling licensure is issued by the state to protect the public from unqualified and untrained practitioners. Which of the following options is NOT a requirement for state licensure?
A specialty certification in chosen area of practice
Which form of resistance to contact involves not letting other people get to know you and maintaining distance from others?
Deflection is when someone maintains their distance from others and doesn’t let other people get to know them. This can manifest itself in someone who is very polite but distant.
A counselor is providing therapy to a client who frequently expresses themselves according to their views on policies that they believe should be practiced and how they believe the government is failing their community. The counselor should be aware of their client’s belief system, which can be labeled BEST as which of the following?
The clients belief system can be labeled as a political belief system. This system of belief places emphasis on for example, views regarding government functioning as well as policies that one believes should be practiced. The counselor in this example will need to hold awareness of the belief system of their client in order to best support them in treatment.
