Current UK Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Advice

Question 1

What are the diseases that are associated with diet?

Answer 1

Obesity

Diabetes

CVD

Cancer

Dental diseases

Osteoporosis

Question 2

What waist circumference is associated with increased risk of metabolic complications?

Answer 2

Waist circumference greater than or equal to 102 cm in men and 88cm in women

Question 3

What is the recomendation for exercise?

Answer 3

•A total of 1h/d of moderate-intensity activity, such as walking on most days of the week, is probably needed to maintain a healthy body weight”

Question 4

How can we reduce total energy intake?

Answer 4

Lower consumption of energy dense foods (high in fats sugars and starch)

Higher intake of energy dilute foods (non-starch polysacharides -also konwn as fibre)

Question 5

What are the types of non-starch polysaccharides?

Answer 5

Fibre or non starch polysaccharide (NSP) is not absorbed by the body but is needed to help maintain a healthy digestive system. There are two types of fibre:

Soluble fibre - found in fruit, vegetables, pulses and oats. It helps to reduce blood cholesterol.

Insoluble fibre - found in cereal such as bread and pasta. It helps to stimulate the digestive system.

Question 6

Ways to increase and decrease risk of diabetes?

Answer 6

Question 7

Ways to increase and decrease risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 7

Question 8

What factors can influence nutrient requirements in individuals?

Answer 8

Age, sex, body size

Physiological state (e.g. infection)

Digestion & absorption

Nutrient losses (e.g. Fe & menstruation)

Lifestyle (smoking, exercise, exposure to sunlight)

Interactions between nutrients

Drug-nutrient interactions

Question 9

What percent of your diet should come from free sugars?

Answer 9

Should not exceed 5% of total dietart energy

Question 10

How much of your dietary energy should come from carbohydrates?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

How much fibre should adults eat per day?

Answer 11

§Dietary fibre for adults should increase to 30g/day

Question 12

What way has the food standards agency altered food labelling?

Answer 12

Traffic light labelling

• Provides information about the nutritional content of their products on the packaging.
• Consumers can see at a glance if the product is high, medium or low in fat, saturated fats, sugars & salt

Question 13

What conditions have a reduced incidence when the patient engages in regular activity?

Answer 13

Cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes

Colon cancer

Breast cancer

Physical activity is also associated with better health and cognitive function

Can reduce the risk of falls in those with mobility problems

Question 14

What are the physiological outcomes for increasing activity?

In terms of energy expenditure and physical fitness

Answer 14

Energy expenditure:

Basal metabolic rate increase

Thermogenesis

Activity-related energy expenditure

Physical Fitness:

Cardiorespiratory

Muscular fitness

Flexibility

Balance

Body composition

Question 15

What are the guidelines for exercise?

Answer 15

Every week:

150 mins moderate activity

AND

Strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all the major muscles

OR

75 minutes vigourous aerobic activity

AND

Strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all the major muscles

OR

Mixture

+

Strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all the major muscles

Moderate aerobic activity = cycling, fast walking

Vigorous aerobic activity = Running, tennis

Question 16

Why is the number of people with diabetes estimated to be 5 million in 2025? It is currently sitting at around 2.9 million

Answer 16

Most of the cases will be type 2 diabetes, this is because of the ageing population and the rapidly rising numbers of overweight and obese people

Question 17

What dietary factors increase and decrease risk of dental erosion?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the dietary factors that increase / decrease risk of osteoporotic fractures?

Answer 18