Current Issues in Swine Health Flashcards
❏ Protect and promote the welfare of animals
❏ Regulate establishment and operation of animal-related facilities
❏ Animal torture, maltreatment, and neglect are unlawful
RA 8485- Animal Welfare Act of 1998
❑ Unauthorized use of animals in research
❑ Animal neglect and abandonment is unlawful
RA 10634- An Act Amending Certain Sections of Republic Act 8485
❏ Sec. 3.1.1. Protect and promote the
welfare of all animals
❏ Sec. 3.2.1. ≥300 sows and above:
requires resident vet; <300 sows:
consulting vet
❏ Sec 3.2. No one shall castrate a
pig >14 days; unless done by a vet
❏ Sec 3.4. No ear notching beyond
7 days old
❏ Sec 3.5. Tail docking at 3 days old
❏ Sec 3.7. Feed composition is
critical to pigs
❏ Sec 3.8. Needle teeth clipping at
2 days old
DA Administrative Order 41
❏ Two methods of killing:
* Euthanasia- painless death (Greek: euwell; thanos- death)
* Slaughter- food animals
❑ Both should be done rapidly and
humanely; least fear, pain, distress,
and anxiety
❑ Should be done away from public view
DA Administrative Order 21
❏ Euthanasia: barbiturates, CO2
(cylinder), penetrating captive
bolt, gunshot, sharp cranial blow
(<3 wks old), drowning (1d old)
DA Administrative Order 13
❑ Slaughter: stunning before
sticking; manual/electrical
stunning
DA Administrative Order 18
type of medication:
- additional support;
e.g. vitamins, acidifiers
Supportive
type of medication:
targeted; against the
causative agent; e.g. antibiotics
specific
type of medication:
alleviate animal discomfort; e.g. antipyretic
Palliative/symptomatic
- amine compounds essential for the maintenance of bodily
functions
Vitamins
- compounds for tissue building and metabolic processes
Minerals
- essential for metabolic processes
Enzymes
the time between the last antimicrobial dose
given to the animal and the time in which the level of residues in the tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, skin/fat) or products (milk, eggs and meat) is lower than or equal to the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL).”
withdrawal time or withdrawal period for antimicrobials
A suspension of living or inactivated organism used as an antigen to confer immunity
Vaccine
type of vaccine:
-dead organisms as antigens
-use of chemical agents (e.g.
formaldehyde, ethylene oxide etc.)
Killed/Inactivated vaccine
type of vaccine:
-weakened live organisms: antigen
-attenuation, reduction of virulence
(e.g. prolonged tissue culture)
Live vaccine/Modified live
❏ Antigens generated thru gene
cloning
❏ Genetically attenuated organisms
❏ Live recombinant organisms
❏ Polynucleotide vaccines
Modern Vaccine Technology
❏ DNA segment coding for the
target antigen is isolated and
inserted into bacterial plasmid
❏ The bacteria will produce large
amounts of the antigen; pure
protein antigens
❏ E.g. FMD, FeLV
Antigens Generated Thru Gene
Cloning (Category I)
❏ The genes of the pathogen is
modified; e.g. the genes for
virulence is removed
❏ Attachment to target cells or viral
replication is prevented
❏ E.g. Pseudorabies vaccine in swine
Genetically Attenuated Organisms
(Category II)
❏ Antigen-coding gene is inserted
into the genome of another virus
❏ Carrier virus infects host cells;
target cell expresses the antigenic
proteins and induce immune
response
❏ E.g. FeLV, CPV-2, RABV
Live Recombinant Organisms
(Category III)
No one shall castrate a pig ___ days; unless done by a vet
> 14
No ear notching beyond ___ days old
7
Tail docking at __ days old
3
Needle teeth clipping at __ days old
2
Ideal age of pigs for drowning as a form of euthanasia
1 day old
Ideal age of using sharp cranial blow as a form of euthanasia
Less than 3 weeks old
the greatest one health challenge
AntimicrobialResistance (AMR)
MVT category of RABV
III and IV
MVT category of FeLV
I and III
MVT category of Pseudorabies vaccine in swine
II
