Current & Integrated Topics Flashcards
Four dynamic strategies
buy-and-hold, constant mix, constant proportion portfolio insurance, and option-based portfolio insurance
General features of a buy-and-hold strategy (payoff diagram)
- Value is linearly related to that of the stock market
- Portfolio value increases as a function of stock market value
- Value will never fall below initial investment in bills
- The greater the % in stocks the better performance
- Upside potential is unlimited
Risk tolerances constant-mix policies
varies proportionately with their wealth (they will hold stocks at all wealth levels)
Rebalancing of constant-mix vs CPPI
Constant-mix: buy stocks as they fall in value, sell stocks as they rise in value
CPPI: buy stocks as they rise in value, sell stocks as they fall in value
Buy-and-hold vs. constant-mix vs. CPPI in various markets
In a rising or declining market a buy-and-hold and CPPI strategy will outperform the constant-mix strategy. (trending)
In a flat but oscillating market constant-mix will outperform the buy-and-hold strategy. (reversal)
Constant-proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) formula
Dollars in Stocks = m(Assets-Floor) where m is a fixed multiplier and greater than one
How to implement a CPPI strategy?
select the multiplier and a floor below which he does not want the portfolio to fall (the floor grows at the rate of return on bills and must initially be less than total assets)
How far can the market fall before the floor of a CPPI strategy is endangered?
1/m
Concave payoff vs. convex payoff strategies
Concave: “Buy stocks as they fall” do well in flat but oscilating markets, and “sell insurance”
Convex: “Buy stocks as they rise” do well in trending markets and “buy insurance”
Option-based portfolio insurance (OBPI) set up and does it have a concave or convex payoff.
Begin by specifying a horizon and a desired floor; the payoff at the horizon is the same as a portfolio of bills and call options.
OBPI sell stocks as they fall so they must have a convex payoff.
How can ESG benefit the bottom line?
- Improved ESG performance can create operating efficiencies
- Energy efficiency can have a positive impact
- Development of new products/improved innovation
- Reduce possibility of fines and penalties
PRI Principle 1 and actions for LP/GPs
- We will incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision marking processes
Action LP: Factor responsible investment consideration into fund selection/terms/fund monitoring processes
Action GP: Identify material ESG factors in pre-investment process. Ensure ESG is deeply rooted in investment approach by teams.
PRI Principle 2 and actions for LP/GPs
- We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices.
Action LP: Within limited liability status, set up parameters for how LPs might engage with pf. company management and remain engaged post-acquisition.
Action GP: Establish processes to understand and manage material ESG risks and opportunities in partnership with the portfolio company.
PRI Principle 3 and actions for LP/GPs
- We will seek appropriate disclosures on ESG issues from the entities in which we invest.
Action LP: Request information from GPs about their RI practices and ESG characteristics of investments.
Action GP: Implement monitoring processes to assess pf. companies’ management of ESG factors.
PRI Principle 4 and actions for LP/GPs
We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles.
Action LP/GP: Collaborate with peers and GPs to build consensus around RI practices in PE.
5 first steps an LP can take to get started with ESG
- Start a dialogue with your GPs
- Leverage the work across an organization
- Engage with industry peers at other LPs
- Review resources and leverage existing tools
- Identify and build current ESG processes
Recent supply chain regulations and legislations
- California’s Transparency in Supply Chain Act
- Dodd-Frank Act
- UK’s Modern Slavery Act
Two recent important changes in the market regarding ESG reporting
SASB, EU proposed taxonomy
Four modules for integrating ESG into the investment process
Module I - RI Policy, Beliefs and Goal Setting
Module II - Governance
Module III - Investment Process
Module IV - Monitoring & Reporting
100 day plan
post-transaction plan in a period where it is determined whether the investment evolves from potential to performance.
Emerging market factors vs developed markets
- Level of control and ownership
- Scope and volume of audited information
- Differences in regulatory regimes
Considerations when a LP wants to start monitor a GP
Purpose Frequency Feasibility Impact Change Published information
Eight key ESG monitoring practices
- exception-based reporting
- Using LPAC and AIM
- Using monitoring templates
- Assessment and scoring of GPs
- Using the PRI framework
- ESG incident & reporting
- Reviewing GPs’ internal ESG/CSR mgt.
- GP Feedback