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Physics > Current electricity > Flashcards

Current electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Insulating

A

Reducing energy transfer by conduction

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2
Q

Electron

A

A tiny particle with a negative charge

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3
Q

Attract

A

To cause to move nearer

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4
Q

Repel

A

To cause to move apart

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5
Q

Series

A

Components connected in a circuit so that the same current passes through them

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6
Q

Potential difference

A

The amount of work done by each coulomb of charge that passes through a component

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7
Q

Parallel

A

Components connected in a circuit so that the potential difference is the same across each one

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8
Q

Volt (V)

A

The unit of potential difference

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9
Q

V=W/Q=E/Q

A

potential difference (V) = work done (J) ÷ charge (C) = energy transferred (J) ÷ charge (C)

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10
Q

Resistance

A

The opposition to current flow, measured in ohms, Ω

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11
Q

R=V/I

A

resistance (Ω) = potential difference (V) ÷ current (A)

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12
Q

Ohmic conductor

A

A conductor that has a constant resistance, and therefore obeys Ohm’s law

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13
Q

I=Q/t

A

current (A) = charge (C) ÷ time

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14
Q

Filament bulb

A

An electrical device designed to produce light

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15
Q

Diode

A

An electrical device that allows current through in one direction only

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16
Q

Light-dependent resistor (LDR)

A

A device with a resistance that varies with the amount of light falling on it

17
Q

Thermistor

A

A device with a resistance that varies with temperature

18
Q

What happens when insulating materials are rubbed together?

A

Certain insulating materials become charged when rubbed together

19
Q

What is transferred when objects become charged?

A

Electrons are transferred when objects become charged

20
Q

What happens when charges are brought together?

A

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract

21
Q

Why are electric charges represented by circuit diagrams?

A

Every component has its own agreed symbol. A circuit diagram shows how components are connected together

22
Q

What is the difference between a battery and a cell?

A

A battery consists of two or more cells connected together

23
Q

What determines the size of an electric current?

A

The size of an electric current is the rate of flow of charge

24
Q

What do we mean by potential difference?

A

The potential difference is the amount of work done by each coulomb of charge that passes through a component

25
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

Ohm’s law states that the current through a resistor at constant temperature is directly proportional to the potential difference across the resistor

26
Q

What happens if you reverse the current in a resistor?

A

Reversing the current through a component reverses the pd across it

27
Q

What happens to the resistance of a filament bulb as its temperature increases?

A

The resistance increases with the increase of the filament temperature

28
Q

Why does the resistance of a filament bulb increase as its temperature increases?

A

The ions in the metal filament vibrate more as the temperature, so they resist the passage of electrons through the filament more

29
Q

How does the current through a diode depend on the potential difference across it?

A

In the “forward” direction a diode’s resistance is low; in the “reverse direction” the resistance is high

30
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as its temperature increases?

A

The resistance decreases if the temperature increases

31
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR as the light level increases?

A

The resistance decreases if the light intensity on it increases

32
Q

What can we say about the current and potential difference for components in a series circuit?

A

For components in series, the current is the same in each component, and adding the potential differences gives the total potential difference

33
Q

How can we find the total resistance of resistors in series?

A

Adding the resistances gives the total resistance of resistors in series

34
Q

What can we say about the potential difference of several cells in series?

A

For cells in series, acting in the same direction, the total potential difference is the sum of their individual potential differences

35
Q

What can we say about the currents in the components of a parallel circuit?

A

For components in parallel, the total current is the sum of the currents through the separate components, and the bigger the resistance of a component, the smaller its current is

36
Q

What can we say about the potential differences across the components in a parallel circuit?

A

In a parallel circuit the potential difference is the same across each component

Physics (9 decks)

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