Cumulative Review Bio 1 (DNA, Genes, DNA Replication)

Question 1

DNA flow of information?

Answer 1

DNA-RNA-Protein

Question 2

DNA to RNA is called? where does it take place?

Answer 2

Transcription-Nucleus of eukaryotic cells (ATTCG–>UAAGC)

Question 3

TNA to protein is called? where does it take place?

Answer 3

Translation-in ribosome

Question 4

Codons

Answer 4

Three letter codes in RNA-each codon = 1 amino acid

Question 5

Translation begins and ends with what?

Answer 5

Start codon and end codon

Question 6

Mutations

Answer 6

Changes in DNA sequence

Question 7

“silent” mutation

Answer 7

if codon change does not change amino acid of the protein

Question 8

Plasmids

Answer 8

small circles of DNA that transport genes from one cell to another -“cloning vectors”

Question 9

Restriction enzymes

Answer 9

cut DNA-we can cut plasmids and insert genes

Question 10

Trangenic

Answer 10

gene from foreign source

Question 11

Gene Therapy

Answer 11

insertion of foreign genes into humans to try to cure disease

Question 12

DNA Microarray

Answer 12

collection of gene copies on small “chip” that is used to determine which genes are on or off an individual

Question 13

With one cell division mitosis produces

Answer 13

2 identical diploid (two sets of chromosomes) cells-somatic cells

Question 14

Purpose of mitosis-one cell division? (3)

Answer 14

Growth, Repair, and asexual reproduction

Question 15

Cloning vector (plasma name)

Answer 15

when a plasmid is used to move a gene copy from one organism to another

Question 16

Cloning

Answer 16

organism and genes can be cloned

Question 17

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 17

to cute up DNA of different individuals (create unique pattern called DNA profile)

Question 18

With two cell divisions, meiosis produces 4 unique haploid (one set of chromosomes) cells-what do they create?

Answer 18

Create gametes

Question 19

“germ cell”

Answer 19

parent cell gives rise to gametes