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Exercise Physiology > Cumulative Final Review > Flashcards

Cumulative Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary fuel for the PCr system?

A

Phosphocreatine

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2
Q

What is the primary fuel for Glycolysis

A

Carbohydrates (glucose or glycogen)

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3
Q

What is the primary factor that determines the dominant energy system supplying the ATP necessary for an activity? What other two factors are involved?

A

Primary
-Intensity of exercise: the rate at which you need ATP will determine the system you use (Duration and ability to consume oxygen)

Other

  • To a lesser degree duration of exercise will determine the extent to which each system is used to provide ATP
  • Individuals ability to consume oxygen which involves transport of oxygen via the cardiovascular system and utilization of oxygen in the mitochondria
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4
Q

What energy system uses MyosinATPase

A

PCr

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5
Q

What energy system uses Phosphofructokinase

A

glycolysis

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6
Q

What energy system uses Isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

Krebs Cycle…IDH is rate controlling enzyme

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7
Q

what energy system uses phosphorylase

A

glycolysis

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8
Q

what energy system uses lactate dehydrogenase muscle form

A

fast glycolysis

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9
Q

what energy system uses lactate dehydrogenase heart form

A

fast glycolysis

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10
Q

what energy system uses hexokinase

A

glycolysis

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11
Q

what energy system uses NADH dehydrogenase

A

ETC

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12
Q

what energy system uses hormone sensitive lipase

A

fat utilization

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13
Q

what energy system uses ubiquione

A

ETC

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14
Q

what energy system uses cytochrome oxidase

A

ETC

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15
Q

what energy system uses ATP synthase

A

ETC

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16
Q

what energy system uses pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A

Krebs…converts pyruvate to acetyl coA so it can be used in Krebs

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17
Q

What is the probable cause of fatigue during exercise lasting longer than 2 hours?

A

glycogen depletion

18
Q

What is the probable cause of fatigue during high intensity exercise activities lasting 45 sec to 2 min

A

Metabolic Acidosis

19
Q

What are the probable adaptations to training the ATP-PCr System

A
  • Increased power and strength due to Type II Recruitment
  • Increased PCr Stores
  • Increased creatine kinase and myokinase
  • Increased myosinATPase
  • Increase typeII myosin heavy chain type
  • increase Na-K ATPase
20
Q

What are the probably adaptations to training fast glycolysis

A
  • increased lactate production
  • increased muscle glycogen
  • increased FG enzymes: Phosphorylase, PFK, PK, LDH
  • Decreased rate of K leak from sarcolemma maintains polarization
  • increase in Na-K ATPase
  • Improved buffering capacity- sodium bicarb
  • Improved pain tolerance/mental tolerance
21
Q

What are the probable adaptations to training slow glycolysis

A
  • binding sites on cells become more sensitive to insulin during exercise
  • increased A-VO2 difference
  • aerobic training produces changes in all fiber types leading to increased endurance
  • increased cardiovascular function leads to increased oxygen transport
22
Q

What are the probable adaptations to training fat utilization

A
  • increased sensitivity of hormone sensitive lipase
  • greater number of mitochondria
  • Increased CPT1 and CPT2
  • Increased beta Oxidation enzymes
23
Q

What are the characteristics of Type I muscle fibers

A
  • small motor neuron
  • high mitochondrial density
  • high fatigue resistance
  • most desirable for endurance activities
24
Q

What are the characteristics of Type IIa muscle fibers

A
  • large motor neuron

- moderate mitochondrial density

25
Q

what are the characteristics of Type IIx muscle fibers

A
  • Large motor neurn
  • low mitochondrial density
  • high anaerobic properties
  • most desirable for sprint/power activities
26
Q

Define motor recruitment and it’s use in training

A
  • Increased force = increased motor unit recruitment
  • only motor units recruited to produce force and will be subject to change with training
  • force
  • range of motion
27
Q

The size principle refers to…

A
  • Motor unit recruitment
  • first type, increased intensity and increased recruitment of Type IIa high intensity recruitment IIx for power
  • Doesn’t mean you stop recruiting smaller ones just add higher
28
Q

What is the function of Golgi Tendon Organs?

A
  • sense small changes in tension of tendon
  • inhibit contracting muscles and stimulate antagonistic muscles to prevent injury
  • not sensitive to high speed stretch
  • Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching (PNF Stretching)
29
Q

What is the function of muscle spindles?

A
  • muscle spindes respond to stretch and rate (velocity) of stretch
  • control mechanism for how much force you need
  • their function is to resist stretch to produce necessary forces
  • to release contractile force to accommodate resistance being applied
  • increase rate = increased response
  • plyometric exercises = box jump
30
Q

Plyometric exercises take advantage of which proprioceptor?

A

muscle spindle

31
Q

resistance stretching takes advantage of which proprioceptor

A

golgi tendon organs

32
Q

Why is VO2 max a measure of cardiovascular function

A
  • the more o2 you can consume to more ATP you can produce
  • high VO2 max also means high CO and SV which means the heart does not have to work as hard to transport the oxygen through the body
33
Q

Stroke volume is

A

the amount of blood pumped per ventricular contraction

34
Q

cardiac output is

A

the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle per minute (cardiac output = stroke volume x Heart Rate)

35
Q

The two changes in blood flow that helps meet the increase 02 need during exercise are

A

heart rate and blood pressure

36
Q

What are blood lipid levels that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A

Total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl
LDL > 130 mg/dl
HDL < 40 mg/dl

37
Q

What are the ACSM guideline for exercise intensity?

A

Max HR method: 55/65 - 90 % of predicted HR max

Karvonen method: 40/50 - 85 % or HRreserve + HRrest

38
Q

What are the ACSM guideline for duration of exercise?

A
  • Dependent on intensity
  • 150 min/week of moderate intensity exercise
  • 75 minutes of vigorous intensity of exercise
39
Q

Double product is used to assess

A

workload on the heart…use in rehab for heart patients

40
Q

the electrocardiogram is used to assess

A

electrical activity of the heart to determine:

  • heart rate
  • heart rhythm
  • conduction abnormalities
  • prior heart attack
  • heart abnormalities
41
Q

Normal blood pressure range is

A

110/60 - 119/79

42
Q

high blood pressure begins at

A

140/90

Exercise Physiology (2 decks)

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