Cumulative Final Exam

Question 1

Which stat describes a single variable?

Answer 1

Descriptive stats

Question 2

What uses one number that accurately captures a set of numbers, “in general”, “typically”, or “commonly”
Analyzes:
- Mean ( the average number of a set of numbers)
- Median (the 50th percentile of a set of numbers)
- Mode (the most common number of a set of numbers)

Answer 2

Central tendency

Question 3

What uses one number that describes how spread out or different the numbers are in a distribution
Analyzes:
- Range (the difference between the highest and lowest score)
- Standard deviation (the average distance from the mean—ex: 68% of scores fall between +/- 1 SD from the M
- Variance (the average squared distance from the mean)

Answer 3

Variability

Question 4

For cental tendency, what do you find for nominal (categorical) variables?

Answer 4

Frequencies or percentages

Question 5

For central tendency, what do you find for ordinal variables?

Answer 5

Median

Question 6

For central tendency, what do you find for interval and ratio (continuous) variables?

Answer 6

M, Median if skewed

Question 7

Which stat describes the relationship between a pair (or more) of variables?

Answer 7

Inferential stats

Question 8

What are the two main types of statistical analyses?

Answer 8

1. ) Test of group differences (whether groups differ in their PROPORTIONS) and whether groups differ in their MEANS
2. ) Tests of relationships (relationships between continuous variables)

Question 9

What test do you perform when you have both interval or ratio variables (test of relationships/continuous variables)?

Answer 9

Pearson’s correlation

Question 10

What test do you perform when you have both ordinal variables (test of relationships/continuous variables)?

Answer 10

Spearman’s correlation

Question 11

What test do you perform when you have a set of continuous predictor variables and one continuous outcome variable (test of relationships/continuous variables)?

Answer 11

(Multiple) regression

Question 12

What test do you perform when you have one nominal variable with two levels and one continuous variable (between-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?

Answer 12

Independent samples t-test

Question 13

What test do you perform when you have one variable with two levels and one continuous variable (within-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?

Answer 13

Paired-samples t-test

Question 14

What test do you perform when you have one nominal variable with two (or MORE) levels and one continuous variable (between-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?

Answer 14

Between-subjects ANOVA

Question 15

What test do you perform when you have one nominal variable with two (or MORE) levels and continuous variables (within-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?

Answer 15

Within-subjects ANOVA

Question 16

What test do you perform when you have two nominal variables?

Answer 16

Chi-square test of independence

Question 17

What test do you perform to test group differences in proportions?

Answer 17

Chi-square test of independence

Question 18

What test do you perform to test the difference between the sample and population means?

Answer 18

One-sample t-test

Question 19

What test do you perform to test the difference between the sample and population proportions?

Answer 19

Chi-square goodness of fit test

Question 20

What is the appropriate effect size for correlation?

Answer 20

r²

Question 21

What is the appropriate effect size for regression?

Answer 21

R²

Question 22

What is the appropriate effect size for ANOVA?

Answer 22

η²

Question 23

What is the appropriate effect size for t-test?

Answer 23

Cohen’s d

Question 24

What is the appropriate effect size for chi-square test of independence?

Answer 24

Cramer’s V

Question 25

For variability, what do you find for nominal (categorical variables)?

Answer 25

None

Question 26

For variability, what do you find for ordinal variables?

Answer 26

Range

Question 27

For variability, what do you find for interval and ratio (continuous) variables?

Answer 27

Standard deviation, range (optional)