Cumulative Exam Flashcards
removes RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides
DNA polymerase 1
connects Okazaki fragments
DNA ligase
relieves stress on the DNA strand
DNA gyrase
Adenine and guanine are examples of
Purines
Cytosine, thymine and uracil are examples of
Pyramidines
complementary base pairs are held together by
Hydrogen bonds (covalent bonds)
Non-coding regions are responsible for
Introns, telomeres and tRNA mRNA production
DNA replication takes place in the
Nucleus (DNA never leaves the nucleus)
The phase in which DNA replication takes place
The S-phase of interphase (directly before mitosis)
Coding segments make up
40% of DNA
Protein production occurs on the
Ribosome
Assists in decoding a messenger RNA sequence into a protein
tRNA (transfer RNA)
The amount of bases that can code for a single amino acid
3 (these are referred to as codons)
carries information from the gene to the ribosome for translation
mRNA (messenger RNA)
Cellular respiration occurs in the
mitochondria
A network of protein filaments giving shape and support to the cell
Cytoskeleton
Genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is found in the
Nucleus
Genetic material in a prokaryotic cell is found in the
Nucleoid region of the cytoplasm
Organelle that assists in the processing and transport of lipids and proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER - protein synthesis)
Fluid filled organelle in the cells of most animals
Vacuole
Makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using DNA instructions
Ribosome
The phosphate group is attached to the
5’ carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide
containing ribose and uracil
RNA
containing deoxyribose and thymine
DNA
The two sides of DNA are considered to be
anti-parallel
DNA replication is considered to be
semi-conservative
A nucleosome is made up of
8 histones
Supercoiling occurs when
DNA strands coil around nucleosomes
Replication occurs in a
5’ - 3’ direction
Adds RNA primer
Primase
adds DNA nucleotides
DNA primase 3
unwinds DNA strands in preparation for replication
Helicase
cell that occurs in algae, protozoa, fungi, plants and animals
Eukaryotic cell
cell that occurs in bacteria
Prokaryotic
Organelle that is
- Close in size to a bacterial cell
- Have their own DNA
- Produces ATP
- Produces and contains its own 70s ribosomes
- Are the most present in muscle cells or cells that use a lot of energy
Mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell)
2 hydrogen bonds exist between
adenine and thymine
3 hydrogen bonds exist between
guanine and cytosine
Protein that helps to package DNA
histone
The effect of DNA being wrapped around the histones
It is inaccessible to transcription enzymes
Purines always pair with
pyramidines
supercoiling leads to
cell specialization
Highly repetitive sequences of DNA
Satellite DNA (do not have a function)
DNA replication begins at
a bubble opened by helicase