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Speech Anatomy > Cumulative Chapters > Flashcards

Cumulative Chapters Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there cartilage in the rib cage?

A

so the rib cage can expand as we breathe in (friction)

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2
Q

Which cartilages are touching the cricoid and where?

A

thryroid at the arch, arytenoids superior to the lamina, tracheal rings inferiorly

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3
Q

what happens first when breathing in- diaphragm flattens or air enter the lungs?

A

diaphragm flattens

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4
Q

Which muscles are used for passive inhalation and exhalation?

A

diaphragm contract for inhalation, diaphragm relaxes and return to parachute shape for exhalation

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5
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity?

A 
combo of volumes:
tidal volume(normal breath)+inspiratory reserve volume(large breathe for speech)
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6
Q

Which muscles are used to decrease pitch?

A

relaxers: thyroarytenoid muscularis and thyroarytenoid superior, also relax the tensors

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7
Q

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Extrinsic: elevate and depress entire larynx(swallowing)
Intrinsic: regulate VF movement within the larynx

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8
Q

What happens to our voice when we increase the length of time of the closed phase of the vibratory cycle?

A

Intensity increases- voice gets louder

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9
Q

What happens to the vocal folds during sustained phonation?

A

remain adducted as air flows through them, causing them to vibrate

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10
Q

How do we do we increase pitch?

A

recruit the tensors; increases length and tension but reduces the mass of VFS, VFS vibrate faster

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11
Q

What is surfactants?

A

fluid that coats the pleural lining to avoid friction and pain when the lungs expand

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12
Q

What is medial compression?

A

adduction and abduction of the VFs

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13
Q

What is the attack phase of phonation?

A

when the VFs begin vibrating

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14
Q

The VFs are connected to which structures?

A

thyroid(cartilage) behind the notch, coursing posteriorly to each arytenoid

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15
Q

What regions make up the vocal tract?

A

Pharynx, nasal and oral cavity

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16
Q

What is the source-filter theory?

A

“Source”-Vibration of VFs(unintelligible buzz)

“Filter”-Change in shape of vocal tract(articulation)

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17
Q

What structures are included in the oral cavity?

A

lips, tongue, mandible, teeth, hard palate, alveolar ridge, soft palate(velum), uvula

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18
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the pharyngeal

cavity?

A

hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx

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19
Q

Name the 6 mobile articulators.

A

Soft palate(velum), tongue, lips, mandible, cheeks, pharynx

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20
Q

Name the 3 immobile articulators.

A

Hard palate, teeth, alveolar ridge

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21
Q

Shaping of Consonants

A

obstruction of vocal cords

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22
Q

Consonant Traits

A

voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation

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23
Q

Voicing

A

vocal fold vibrating or not(adducted or abducted)

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24
Q

Place of Articulation

A

where the articulation point happens

which mobile/immobile articulators are meeting

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25
Q

Name the Manner of Articulation(6)

A

stop, fricatives, nasals, affricates, liquids, glides.

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26
Q

Manner of Articulation

A

degree of constriction

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27
Q

Name the places of articulation (7)

A

bilabial, labiodental, linguadental, alveolar, palatal velar, glottal

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28
Q

/p/

A

voiceless, bilabial, stop

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29
Q

bilabial

A

both lips

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30
Q

labiodental

A

lips and teeth

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31
Q

interdental

A

tongue between teeth

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32
Q

alveolar

A

tongue tip and alveolar ridge

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33
Q

palatal

A

middle of tongue and middle of hard palate

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34
Q

velar

A

back of tongue and soft palatal

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35
Q

glottal

A

vocal folds come together

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36
Q

stop

A

airflow is completely blocked, then released with the burst of air

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37
Q

fricative

A

air streams through a narrow constriction

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38
Q

affricate

A

airflow is initially blocked then released slowly(stop and a fricative)

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39
Q

nasal

A

velum is lowered to allow air to resonate in both oral and nasal cavities

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40
Q

List these structures in ascending order (most inferior to most superior):
Manubrium, Pelvic girdle, cervical spine, nasal cavity, diaphragm

A

Pelvic girdle, diaphragm, manubrium, cervical spine, nasal cavity

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41
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Support lower extremities

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42
Q

False ribs

A

Connect directly to spine, but indirectly to sternum,

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43
Q

Body of the sternum

A

Attachment point for most true ribs,

44
Q

Floating ribs

A

Do not attach to sternum

45
Q

Tracheal rings

A

Prevent collapse of the airway

46
Q

Which of the following are examples of connective tissue?

A

cartilage, bone, hyoid bone, ribs

47
Q

True or False: Surfactant allows friction-free lung expansion, Each lung is encased in its own pleural lining

A

True

48
Q

True or False: The biological function of the respiratory system is to perform gas exchange

A

True

49
Q

True or False: The middle portion of the respiratory passageway includes the trachea and bronchi

A

False

50
Q

True or False: The biological function of the pharynx is to moisten and filter air entering the lungs

A

False

51
Q

True or False: The trachea is anterior to the esophagus and posterior to the spine

A

False

52
Q

Why is the posterior tracheal wall muscular?

A

It shares this wall with the esophagus, which requires contraction

53
Q

The sequence for passive inhalation is:

A

Diaphragm contracts, ribcage and pleura expand, lung volume increases, lung pressure decreases, air fills the lungs Diaphragm contracts, ribcage and pleura expand, lung volume increases, lung pressure decreases, air fills the lungs

54
Q

How do passive vs. speech inhalation differ?

A

In timing of respiration cycles, In lung volumes, In muscular contraction

55
Q

What are the main contents of the thoracic cavity?

A

Heart and lungs

56
Q

Talking normally

A

The diaphragm, upper thoracic muscles in checking action

57
Q

Passive expiration

A

Diaphragm recoils to parachute shape,

58
Q

Speaking till you run out of air

A

Abdominal and lower back muscles contract,

59
Q

Inhaling before normal speech

A

Diaphragm, accessory muscles of inhalation contract

60
Q

Which of the following occur during active respiration for normal speech?

A

Diaphragm and upper thoracic muscles are contracted, Checking action is responsible for exhalation being 90% of the cycle

61
Q

The primary muscle of respiration is

A

Diaphragm

62
Q

Alex (speaking continuously without pause for breath): “How come you always leave your stuff lying all over the house and you dump your junk in my car and the bathroom is this huge mess with your clothes and your dirty socks and these wet towels on the floor –”

Toni: “Whoa, take it easy! What’s the matter? Having a bad day?”

Alex: “I’m really sorry, Toni. I don’t know…(pause)… Today really sucked.”

Which of the following is true for Alex’s first statement?

A

Forced expiration is occurring

63
Q

Alex (speaking continuously without pause for breath): “How come you always leave your stuff lying all over the house and you dump your junk in my car and the bathroom is this huge mess with your clothes and your dirty socks and these wet towels on the floor –”

Toni: “Whoa, take it easy! What’s the matter? Having a bad day?”

Alex: “I’m really sorry, Toni. I don’t know…(pause)… Today really sucked.”

Which of the following is true for Toni’s statement?

A

Checking action occurs during speech

64
Q

Alex (speaking continuously without pause for breath): “How come you always leave your stuff lying all over the house and you dump your junk in my car and the bathroom is this huge mess with your clothes and your dirty socks and these wet towels on the floor –”

Toni: “Whoa, take it easy! What’s the matter? Having a bad day?”

Alex: “I’m really sorry, Toni. I don’t know…(pause)… Today really sucked.”
Match the respiratory pattern with the lung volumes used. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Alex’s first statement
B. Toni’s statement
C. Toni breathing while Alex is speaking
D. Physically impossible

A

A. TV + IRV + ERV
B. TV + IRV
C. TV only
D. TV + IRV + ERV + RV

65
Q

Which of the following is NOT a biological function of the larynx?

A

Generating sound by vibration of vocal folds

66
Q

What is the biological function of the larynx?

A
  • Coughing when a sip of water goes down the wrong way
  • Assisting with lifting a heavy box
  • Preventing entry of stomach contents into lungs during vomiting
67
Q

The thyroid and arytenoid cartilages:

A

Are both important for speech; one is paired while the other is unpaired; vocal folds insert at one and attach at the other.

68
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

Positioned on upper surface of cricoid cartilage,

69
Q

Epiglottis

A

Superior-most of all laryngeal cartilages,

70
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Vocal folds originate at the meeting of its laminae

71
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Inferior and posterior boundary of larynx

72
Q

The cricoid is…

A

Unpaired, Involved with both laryngeal joints, Not an attachment point for vocal folds

73
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Enable medial compression and longitudinal tension of the vocal folds,

74
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal ligaments/membranes

A

Ensure the larynx remains in place in the anterior neck,

75
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Enable laryngeal elevation during swallowing

76
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal ligaments/membranes

A

Ensure that laryngeal cartilages move appropriately in relation to one another

77
Q

To increase loudness…

A

closed phase of vibratory cycle must be lengthened

78
Q

To decrease pitch…

A

thyroarytenoid muscularis must be contracted while cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid vocalis are relaxed

79
Q

To increase pitch…

A

vocal folds must get longer and thinner

80
Q

True or False: When the cricothyroid muscle contracts, there is a pivoting motion at the cricothyroid joint; the thyroid moves anteriorly and inferiorly, causing the vocal folds to elongate.

A

True

81
Q

True or False: All vocal fold adjustments are made possible by motion at the two laryngeal joints, both connecting to the thyroid cartilage.

A

False

82
Q

True or False: When muscles around the arytenoids contract, there is a gliding motion at the cricoarytenoid joints; the arytenoids move inwards to cause vocal fold abduction or outwards to cause vocal fold adduction.

A

False

83
Q

True or False: Ligaments and membranes cause the joints to move, which results in muscle contraction, allowing for movement of the cartilages.

A

False

84
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A

Responsible for fine movements of the vocal folds

85
Q

Suprahyoids

A

Raise the larynx

86
Q

Tensors and relaxers

A

Regulate elongation of the vocal folds

87
Q

Adductors and abductors

A

Control medial compression of the vocal folds

88
Q

Where is the Cricothyroid muscles located?

A

Superior to cricoid arch

89
Q

Where are Oblique interarytenoidsthe muscles located?

A

Between the two arytenoids

90
Q

Where are the Thyroarytenoid vocalis muscles located?

A

Within vocal folds

91
Q

When my thyroarytenoid muscularis and superior are engaged,

A

my vocal folds get shorter, mass increases, they move slower, and my voice gets deeper.

92
Q

Medial compression:

A

changes the size of the glottis

93
Q

To increase loudness, which muscles need to be engaged more than usual?

A

Interarytenoids and lateral cricoarytenoids

94
Q

For production of the word “rib,” if phonation was terminated after the vowel, which word would be produced?

A

Rip

95
Q

For production of the word “rib,” when does medial compression first begin?

A

Prior to the first phoneme

96
Q

For production of the word “rib,” when is phonation sustained?

A

Throughout the word

97
Q

Which of the following is CORRECT about the true vocal folds?

A

They are the division between the subglottal and supraglottal cavities.

98
Q

True or False: Increased subglottal pressure can result in greater amplitude of the waveform during the vibratory cycle.

A

True

99
Q

True or False : Increased subglottal pressure creates greater tension in elongated vocal folds.

A

False

100
Q

True or False: c. Increased subglottal pressure is required for higher pitch, but not for higher intensity

A

False

101
Q

True or false: Subglottal pressure is measured in the laryngeal vestibule.

A

False

102
Q

To increase pitch:

A

Tensors are recruited, which results in increased vocal fold length and tension, and decreased vocal fold mass per square area

103
Q

In producing the word “cup,” which of the following statements describes the accurate phonation positions?

A

Attack phase occurs after the first consonant; termination occurs prior to the second consonant; sustained phonation is carried through the vowel.

104
Q

In producing the word “sad,” which of the following statements describes the accurate phonation positions?

A

Attack phase begins right before the vowel; phonation is sustained through the vowel and final consonant and then terminates.

105
Q

To change the word “game” to “came,” the following would be required:

A

Delaying medial compression until immediately after the initial phoneme

Speech Anatomy (1 decks)

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