Cultures Flashcards
- According to the Honor & Shame video, what term is used to describe a large group of people that have shared social patterns?
Culture Continent
What two cultural groups represent North America and the ANE
North America= Baltic
ANE=Mediterranean
Ascribed honor refers to the honor conferred of an individual by:
Social placement and public reputation
Religion in the Ancient Near East is described as a human response to?
Response to the environment
-Powers od nature personified as deities
Why did Moses ask God what His name was
What kind of god are you? what are you the god of? Who are you?
What term is used to represent the argiculturally coveted area of the Ancient Near East?
The Fertile Crescent
- What two territories were critical for Egypt’s rule but difficult to maintain control over?
The Levant and Canaan
According to Egypt’s Socail Structure, What is the name of the Nobles directly under the Pharaoh
Viezers and High Priests
What are the three types of gods in Egypt’s religious worldview
Cosmic gods, Local gods, and Personal gods
six most prominent gods in Egypt
Anubis, Bastet, Osiris, Ra, Isis, Thoth
- The Bible passages in Exodus that speak of God hardening Pharaoh’s heart are examples of what two types of Hebrew expression?
Descriptive and Prescriptive
- How long did the united kingdom of Israel last?
1050-930 BC
- “Mishpaha” is Hebrew for what type of social grouping in ancient Israel?
Clan or extended family or Kinship group=often territorial
- Abraham’s vision of severed animals is the imagery of what key element of biblical theology?
Covenant
- The vision of slain animals given to Abraham represents what aspect of God’s agreement?
The Binding agreement between them
- What is the gift given to an ancient bride by her father called?
dowry
What is a dowry
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.
- A woman’s virginity gave her two things in the ancient world.
It gave her honor and political power
- If a person was received as a guest into a household, they were provided with protection the same as that given to?
the hosts were responsible also for providing protection for the guest.
- The majority of prophetic words in scripture are interpreted as?
Forth-telling
- What is a central method that ancient people used to pass on valuable information?
Oral Tradition
- Canaan is an area occupied by how many different tribes?
10 tribes
Name the 10 tribes that occupied Canaan
Jubusites
Hivites
Perrizites
Neo-Hittites
Amorites
Philistines
Moabites
Edomites
Amalekites
Midianites
- Who/what is the central god of the Canaanites?
Baal
- According to the family order, which is the 8th tribe of Israel?
Issachar
- Which nation conquered Israel?
Assyria
- The four things were lost by Judah because of the exile.
King, temple, property, and promised land
- What is the lasting linguistic influence of Persian rule over Judah?
Aramaic
What is the Jewish celebration established as a commemoration of the reconsecration of the temple after its desecration by Antiochus Epihphanes III?
Hanukkah
- What was the name of the Roman-appointed king over Israel (Judah) at the time of Jesus’s birth?
Herod the Great
- The highest and lowest class in Roman Society.
Highest=Patricians lowest=Slaves
- Who is considered the most influential philosopher of the Greco-Roman period?
Plato
- What is the name of Plato’s great allegory on human existence and perception?
Illistration of the cave of the cave allegory
- Which Greek philosopher is credited as the founder of Stoicism?
Zeno
- Has ANE culture influenced scripture?
- Your culture influences your writing
- That’s the whole point of this class
What were women’s roles, expectations, and treatment in society and in the household?
Roles of women are in relation to subsistence. reproduction is the exclusive arena of women, sustenance requires contributions from both men and women, and defense is exclusively male. The expectation that, in the household, they reproduce and if they do not, it is bad for them. They will lose honor and they have not a lot of purpose. There can be no doubt that women play a unique and critical role in the socializing process, broadly conceived. They not only bear the children who represent the future of the household and society but are also the primary caretakers of the young and as such introduce them, especially in a household-centered society, to a sizeable proportion of the tasks, modes of behavior, cultural forms, and norms and values of their society. Mainly inside the household not outside the household. The role of the mother in Proverbs is not as the biological bearer of children but rather as their nurturer and educator. — Proverbs 1:8, 6:20 This is especially true for complex households, such as the extended or multiple-family units that made up a significant number of the domestic compounds in Israelite villages. should be viewed as a cultural expression of the primary role of women in the educative process.
How does Jesus’ actions towards women enforce or subvert these expectations?
Women went with Jesus on His missionary journey, and they were meant to lead people within the household. The first evangelist to tell others about Jesus was a woman. The women at the well, not only that but He used a woman who could not really fulfill her honorary role, He used a women who had to honor, only shame.
- Explain how the concept of the patron/client relationship informs our understanding of the nature of salvation, particularly with reference to Ephesians 2:5-10.
- “Patron” Each wealthy man was expected to act as patron/protector to as many lower-class people as he could reasonably support.
- “Client” In return, the client supported his patron in elections (no longer an issue by imperial times), did odd jobs for him, and escorted him through the streets, giving the patron’s social standing a healthy boost.
- We do not have to be a client for him and do jobs to gain our salvation. Jesus fulfilled the role of patron.
- The nature of salvation is that we are saved through grace through faith. Jesus is the Patron, He is the protector, God is the patron and provides salvation and protects us.
- Our job is to do good works for Him. Even before that passage, God says that He is rich in Mercy, His mercy protected us from salvation through His grace.
Parts of the Covenent
Preamble
Historical Prologue
Stipulation
Witness
Covenent between God and His people
Innitiated by God and representative (Abraham, Noah)
What is a Berit?
Sometimes this message was actually acted out in the ratification ceremony such that the vassal was required to walk between the bloodied parts of the slain animals while he recited his oaths.
In other words, by means of his actions the vassal is stating: “May what has happened to these animals happen to me if I fail to keep my oath”
Explain the significance of Hellenization on 1st Century Jewish culture. Specifically explain the significance of the synagogue, and the Septuagint (along with other things).
- Language: Greek became the lingua franca of the ancient world. Koine Greek (common Greek) – the international language of politics, economics, and culture
- The City-State: As they conquered, the Greeks established cities with a Greek way of life that served as the political, economic, educational, religious, and social hub of civilization.
Religious Syncretism: Local religions were universalized through the identification of their gods with gods from the Greek pantheon.
Hellenization impacted 1st century Jewish culture by making the Jewish culture ashamed of themselves and their culture. So, they lost their Hebrew language in the process, so the Septuagint had to come in and translate the Torah and Old Testament. Also, during the Olypic games, they would play Naked and the Jews were ashamed when they were naked because they were circumsized and the Hellenistic culture shamed them. The thing that marked their covenet was a marking of shame.
