Culture/Women/Education Flashcards
What was the Weimar ‘New Objectivity’ Movement?
- A 1920s arts/theatre/literature movement.
- Commented on social and political themes.
- Essentially ended with the rise of the Nazi party.
What was the Nazi ‘People’s Receiver’?
- Cheap radio handsets restricted to Nazi propaganda
- 70% of Germans owned one by 1939.
How many Germans had a ‘People’s Receiver’ in 1939?
-70% of Germans owned one by 1939.
What was Weimar Cabaret?
- Weimar restaurants or nightclubs wherein people drank and celebrated.
- IUsed satirical comedy, jazz and semi-nude dancers to mock conventions of old Germany.
- Banned in Nazi Germany.
What was the Nazi ‘Reich Chamber of Culture’?
- 1933
- Headed by Goebbels
- Was in charge of suppressing culture through censorship
When was the Nazi ‘Reich Chamber of Culture’ introduced?
1933
What was the Weimar ‘UFA film company’?
- Government organised
- Showed films with a range of subject matter such as ‘Metropolis’
What caused culture to rapidly develop in Weimar Germany?
- The Bill of Rights in the Weimar constitution.
- Enabled freedoms and various forms of equality.
How did some conservative Germans view the Weimar cultural change?
-They saw it as a decline in both moral and cultural standards.
By the end of Weimar Germany how many Germans owned a radio?
-1 in 4 Germans owned a radio by 1932.
What was the Nazi “Degenerate” Art Exhibition?
- 1937 in Munich
- Nazi propaganda rejecting past Weimar cultural projects.
When did the Nazis burn books and how many?
- May 1933
- Mass burning of 25,000 books which disagreed with Nazi values.
- For example, “All quiet on the Western Front” a novel made by a WW1 German Veteran critiquing the conditions of war.
How many German writers left the country under Nazi rule? (1933-1945)
-2500 German writers left
What was Weimar culture particularly influenced by?
- Western Cultures
- E.g. Jazz
What type of schools were set up under the Weimar Republic?
- Compulsory Grandschule for children 6-10 run by Lander.
- Common schools - various faiths, religion taught separately.
- Confessional schools - faith schools which became fee paying.
- Secular Schools - no religious education
What type of schools were set up under the Weimar Republic?
- Compulsory Grandschule for children 6-10 run by Lander.
- Common schools - various faiths, religion taught separately.
- Confessional schools - faith schools which became fee paying.
- Secular Schools - no religious education
What was the structure of the Weimar Republic?
- Lander in charge (decentralised)
- Diverse (Secular + Confessional + common)
- Compulsory aged 6-10
What education existed beyond the age of 10?
- Fee-paying:
- Hauptschule: Trade
- Realschule: Business
- Gymnasium: University
Did Weimar Republic encourage more w/c to go to university?
Yes however only 2.3% of students who went to university had middle class parents.
How many women had seats in the Reichstag 1919-32?
112 women
What did Article 109 of the Weimar constitution say?
In principle women and equal rights - marriage should be equal and women should be able to enter professions.
What continuity remained in the Weimar Republic
- Women paid 33% less than men in office work.
- Employers still preferred single women
- Hard to find childcare
Why did the depression affect women less than men?
- Women were cheaper to employ
- 1932 46% of men unemployed, only 33% of women.
What factors increased hostility towards women?
- The depression
- Unemployment
What were traits of teachers in the Weimar Republic?
- Right Wing
- Not well paid
What type of curriculum did the Weimar Republic have?
Diverse curriculum
