Culture Theories (Cam)

Question 1

What 4 areas do Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck use to explain why people who live next to each other, may have different cultures?

Answer 1

1. Time
2. Humanity and environment
3. Relating to other people
4. Motives for behaviour

Question 2

What does “Time” mean in regards to Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck’s theory?

Answer 2

How Culture has evolved in the Past

What culture looks like in the Present

How culture will evolve in the future

Question 3

What characteristics classify a business as being international?

Answer 3

Based in Home Country, with foreign country links

Domestic and Foreign Customers

Sourcing of products across national borders

Use of global media to manage international activities and reach customers

Question 4

What are the 5 Dimensions Hofstede use in regards to Culture?

Answer 4

1. Power Distance
2. Uncertainty Avoidance
3. Masculinity/Femininity
4. Individualism/Collectivism
5. Long term vs Short term orientation

Question 5

Is culture is inherited genetically? Why?

Answer 5

No. Culture is Learned though observing human behaviour and lifestyles

Question 6

What is the issue with putting Slang and Humour in advertising that will be going international?

Answer 6

Slang and Humour may not translate the same way into other languages or cultures and it could effect how people see the business.

Question 7

What is Power-Distance? (Hofstede)

Answer 7

How readily society expects and accepts inequalities,

EG: In terms of power, wealth

Question 8

What is Uncertainty Avoidance? (Hofstede)

Answer 8

The extent of formal rules and patterns of life for security and to avoid ambiguity

Question 9

What does “Humanity and Environment” look into with Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck’s theory?

Answer 9

It looks into 3 types of relationships people can have with nature.

MASTERY: Humans try to control nature.

HARMONIOUS: Humans and nature living side by side in balance.

SUBMISSIVE: Humans should have zero control over nature.

Question 10

What does “Relating to other people” look into with Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck’s theory?

Answer 10

This looks into the 3 types of human relationships

HIERARCHICAL: someone being of higher authority.

AS EQUALS: consensus among the group.

INDIVIDUALISTICS: Emphasis on the individual or individual families within the group

Question 11

What are examples of Masculinity-Femininity? (Hofstede)

Answer 11

MASCULINITY
assertiveness, materialism, competitiveness

FEMININITY
harmonious workplace relations, social partnership, gender equality

Question 12

What is Individualism-Collectivism? (Hofstede)

Answer 12

INDIVIDUALISM
Individual freedom and responsibility

COLLECTIVISM
group loyalty, shared achievement

Question 13

What is Culture?

Answer 13

Set of values, beliefs, rules and institutions held by a specific group of people

Question 14

What are 5 components of culture? (11 Total)

Answer 14

Aesthetics (Arts, Imagery, Symbolism)
Values (Ideas, Beliefs, Customs)
Attitudes
Manners
Customs
Social Structure
Religion
Personal Communication
Education
Physical Environment
Material Culture

Question 15

What does “Motives for behaviour” look into with Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck’s theory?

Answer 15

BEING
Internal Motivation, Focus Satisfying Self

BEING-IN-BECOMING
Internal Motivation, Focus Improving Self

ACHIEVEMENT (DOING)
External Motivation, Focus Benefitting Others