culture + subcultures Flashcards
what kinds of values may be important to youth subcultures?
style and way of life- dress, music taste, certain hobbies or activities
how are youth subcultures perceived by wider society? why?
youth cultures are often stereotyped by the wider society, usually due to their appearance- e.g. people may think that all goths are depressed because they wear black
what might young people find attractive about youth subcultures?
they may feel as though they are part of something with peers who have similar values and views to them, with similar ways of life
what is high culture?
culture enjoyed by those with higher status (position) in a society
identify three examples of high culture
activities including opera, classical music and particular forms of art
what did french sociologist pierre bourdieu claim to be significant about high culture?
it provides people with cultural capital- having the appropriate norms and values to improve social position
what is cultural capital?
having the appropriate norms and values- enjoying a particular form of high culture leads to financial rewards and social mobility
what is meant by social mobility?
the chance to improve social position
identify three possible benefits of knowing high status individuals
- children have great advantage at school
- rewards (contacts and networks)
- social mobility
why might exposure to high culture at home lead to advantages in the education system?
the knowledge gained through enjoying high culture are highly valued in the education system- good advantage at school
what is popular culture?
every aspect of culture, which is not high culture- sometimes referred to as ‘mass culture’ as it is the culture which the majority of society are part of
what’s global culture?
a collection of norms and values which cross national boundaries (globalisation process)
what is meant by consumer culture?
a set of ideas that encourages people to buy a range of never ending products- closely linked to global culture since the mass media is used to promote and advertise products for consumers
what is cultural hybridity?
where two cultures are combined, new different forms of culture emerge which are known as cultural hybrids
define creolisation
a process where creole cultures emerged in colonial societies, caused by the uprooting and displacement of large numbers of people in colonial plantation economies (hannerz 1992)
how did williams (1983) define culture?
as “a way of life”
how did woodward (2000) define culture?
the culture of a society is based on “shared meanings, values and practices”
define the term ‘norms’
norms are the behaviours that are stemmed from values. people learn values from primary socialisation from families. norms can change over time depending on their values
what is an example of a norm?
queuing at the back of a line for something
define what values are
values are the deep set of beliefs that most people in society abide by. values are deemed worthwhile and desirable and are socialised by families and peers. values can change over time
give an example of a socialised value
politeness- families socialise children to say please and thank you
give an example of a value which has changed over time
women can now vote, which is from the acceptance of equal rights between genders
what’s primary socialisation?
this process occurs first and starts from birth and continues to when they start school. this occurs with people who infants spend most of their time with. it’s an intimate, face to face and personal process in order for it to shape an infant
what is an example of primary socialisation?
- name
- gender
- sex
- rules
- eating
- talking
define secondary socialisation
this process begins when the child becomes more independent, when they join school. it occurs when they make secondary relationships
give examples of secondary socialisation
- hygiene
- sharing
- aggressiveness
- sex
what are the 5 main agents of secondary socialisation?
- mass media
- education
- peers
- workplace
- religion
define subculture
a smaller group within a larger group that has its own values which are different to the wider group
