Culture and Values Flashcards
Attitude Formation
Acquired through direct experience, friends and family, cultural beliefs and values
Tripartite Model - Rosenberg and Hovland (1960)
Affective component: feeling and emotional response
Behavioural component: behaviour towards the object
Cognitive component: thoughts and understanding towards the object
Cognitive Dissonance
Experiencing inconsistencies between attitude components
Reduced through seeking information to support their own views
Measuring Attitudes
Observational Methods
Quantitive Self Reports
Qualitative Self Reports
Observational Methods
Used when honest answers are unlikely
Milgram 1965 - letters
Nazi and Communist least returned, Medical group had the most
Qualitative Methods
Self Reports Open ended and Fixed interviews Focus groups (Davies and Fletcher 2011 - pressured into socially acceptable answers)
Quantitative Methods
Rating scales - Likert Scale
Fixed response interviews - yes, no, not sure
Prejudice
Unjustifiable, relatively negative attitudes towards others based on group membership
Causes of Prejudice
social categorisation
intergroup competition
social influence
“just world” phenomenon
Social Categorisation
Blue eyes, brown eyes - Jane Elliott (1968)
Intergroup Competition
Prejudice against threatening groups - Sherif (1961)
“Just World” Phenomenon
assuming people get what they deserve; have not’s are lazy, have’s are hard working
Justifies inequalities
Social Influence
attitudes learnt from friends and family
Abound and Doyle (1996)
Reducing Prejudice
Intergroup Contact Sustained Contact Mutual Interdependence Superordinate goals Equality
Intergroup contact
Getting to know other groups breaks down barriers and results in positive interactions
most effective when continuous and have a common goal