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Culture And Identity Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

Describes way of life
Socially constructed

Norms, values, beliefs, language and history

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2
Q

What is culture?

A

Describes way of life
Socially constructed

Norms, values, beliefs, language and history

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3
Q

What are norms?

A

Rules of behaviour that relate to specific social institutions and govern behaviour

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4
Q

What are values?

A

Widely accepted beliefs that something is worthwhile/ desirable

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5
Q

What are customs?

A

Traditional behaviours associated with specific social situations, events or anniversaries

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6
Q

What does Abott say about language?

A

The most obvious set of symbols through which members of society share meaning

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7
Q

What is cultural diversity?

A

Culturally embedded differences within a society

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8
Q

What does Marshall say about culture?

A

Culture is everything “in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted”

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9
Q

What is one of the largest social classes?

A

Working class

The working class is characterized by individuals working in manual jobs.

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10
Q

What are the two broad groups within the working class?

A
  • Traditional working class
  • New working class
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11
Q

Where is the traditional working class primarily located?

A

North of England and Scotland

This group is associated with traditional basic industries.

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12
Q

What industries are associated with the traditional working class?

A
  • Mining
  • Fishing
  • Docking
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13
Q

What has happened to traditional working class industries in Britain?

A

They have declined rapidly and have almost disappeared.

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14
Q

When did the new working class emerge?

A

1960s

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15
Q

Where did the new working class initially emerge?

A

South of England

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16
Q

What percentage of people in Britain consider themselves working class?

A

49%

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17
Q

What types of jobs are included in the working class in Britain?

A
  • Retail sales
  • Refuse collector
  • Food industry
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18
Q

What is the typical educational background of the working class?

A

State schools, A levels, no university

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19
Q

What are some aspects of popular culture enjoyed by the working class?

A
  • Watching movies
  • Fishing
  • Pool
  • Bingo
  • Beach trips
  • Picnics
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20
Q

How do the working class perceive the underclass?

A

They look down on the underclass as they are working and being paid.

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21
Q

What do the working class believe about middle class relatability compared to the upper class?

A

They believe they are more relatable than the upper class but still distant.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The working class believes they know the real world better than _______.

A

[the middle class and upper class]

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23
Q

What is the underclass linked to?

A

The underclass is linked (not part of) to the traditional or new working class

The underclass represents the very bottom of the social class hierarchy and consists of members who are cut off or excluded from society.

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24
Q

List three characteristics of the chav subculture.

A
  • Makeup
  • Tracksuits
  • Fast talking

Additional characteristics include being obnoxious, perceived as not intelligent, smoking, being rude, unhygenic, selfish, gossipy, irresponsible, and not ladylike.

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25
What cultural aspects did Murray associate with the underclass?
* High levels of illegitimacy * Lone parenthood * Family instability * Drunkenness * Crime * Benefits * Drug abuse * Exclusion from school * Education failure * Work-shy attitude ## Footnote These aspects lead to a dropping out of work.
26
Who discussed the 'demonisation of the working class'?
Jones ## Footnote This concept involves the use of derogatory terms like 'white trash,' 'social scum,' and 'chav,' with 'chav' being the most demeaning stereotype.
27
What is a common stereotype associated with the underclass?
White trash, scum ## Footnote These terms reflect societal views and contribute to negative perceptions of the underclass.
28
What does Lawler suggest about the chav stereotype?
It devalues working-class taste and culture ## Footnote Tyler suggests that the term 'chav' is a form of middle-class abuse directed at the entire poor white working class.
29
Fill in the blank: Features of chav and chavdom include ignorance, immorality, vulgarity, bad taste, and _______.
drug abuse ## Footnote Other features may include sexual excess.
30
What do Shildrick et al suggest about media representations of poverty?
They explain these as features of the poorest groups in society arising from poor character rather than structural inequalities of wealth in society. ## Footnote This perspective reinforces the popular impression that the poor are poor due to their own failings, which undermines public sympathy.
31
How does the stereotype of the poor affect public perception?
It suggests that the poor are responsible for their own poverty, neutralizing public sympathy. ## Footnote This reflects a dominant narrative that blames individuals rather than addressing systemic issues.
32
True or False: The dominant class can impose a cultural identity on a social group regardless of circumstances.
True
33
Fill in the blank: The media often portrays the poor as having _______ leading to their poverty.
poor character
34
What is the impact of reinforcing stereotypes about poverty?
It undermines public sympathy and perpetuates the belief that poverty is a result of individual failings rather than societal issues. ## Footnote This can lead to a lack of support for social programs aimed at alleviating poverty.
35
what do Clarke and Saunders say about social class?
declining importance classes has become fragmented into diff groups replaced by a range of other influences on identity
36
what does Pakulski and Waters say about class?
class is definitely not an important factor of someones identity replaced with lifestyle and consumption patterns of different status groups.
37
what do Lash and Urry say about class?
class subcultures have weakened peoples tastes, cultural choices and lifestyle are more individualistic
38
what do postmodernists say about class?
identities are more fluid and changeable choose out of a variety identities presented through media, leisure and consumer spending
39
what has replaced class culture?
consumer culture
40
what does saunders (new right) say about class today?
we live in an equal opportunities meritocracy
41
upper class subculture..
high culture, judge other classes
42
middle class subculture..
enjoys pop and high culture
43
trad WC subculture...
manual work, dissappeared
44
new WC subculture..
enjoys mass culture, low skill white collar jobs
45
what did the British Social Attitudes survey 2012 find on class?
95% identified with a class 1/3 said they were MC 6/10 said WC
46
how is social class still a major limitation on people choosing their identities?
leisure activities are not always available for everybody standard of living edu and health, life expectancy
47
what is multiculturalism?
the view that those of a minority deserve to have their differences acknowledged and celebrated
48
when did David Cameron say that 'multiculturalism has failed us'
after the 7/7 bombings in 2005 said that 'the uk has failed to ensure people had shared cultures and values
49
what is the homogenisation of culture?
cultures becoming more alike
50
why is the homogenisation of culture seen as a negative thing?
because it suggests that dominant culture has invaded and taken over local cultures
51
pop culture
less derogatory term for low culture representations that are consumed by a mass audience, often because they are created through a process of mass production
52
subculture
a smaller group of people or a break off group that shares its own norms, customs and values, distinct from those of the main culture of a society, while still existing within
53
mass culture
there is a set of norms and values that the vast majority in the population share, developed from a common exposure to the same media, news sources, music, and art.
54
folk culture
based around an oral tradition, rather than that from an era of mass literacy. People learned cultural customs and practices from others in their community by word of mouth, passed down through the generations and traditional cultural practices
55
high culture
high quality cultural products of lasting value such as opera, ballet, and great works of literature.
56
low culture
derogatory term for pop culture
57
what are john storeys 6 definitions of pop culture
quantitative residual democratic hybrid commercial relative
58
who came up with the idea that there is 6 definitions of popular culture
John Storey (1996)
59
quantitative pop culture
most popular, widespread
60
residual pop culture
all culture other than high, is popular
61
democratic pop culture
culture that is derived from the people
62
hybrid pop culture
capitalism sells people the means to create their own pop culture
63
commercial pop culture
product of capitalism- sold to public
64
relative pop culture
all just diverse culture in a postmodern society
65
global culture
cultural aspects shared across cultural groups and nations, particularly in light of increased interdependence and interaction through globalization.
66

Sociology (2 decks)

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