Culture and Diffusion Flashcards
Material and immaterial ways of life of a particular group of people. Groups behaviors, beliefs, actions, and objects
Culture
Agreed upon practice or standards that guide the behavior of a culture
Cultural norms
Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture
Cultural taboo
Belief that one’s culture is superior to others. Judging other groups through the lens of one’s own culture
Ethnoentrism
Principle that an individual human’s beliefs and actions should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture
Cultural relativism
Area where civilization began that radiated its customs, innovations, and ideologies and transformed the world
Cultural hearth
Belief that physical environment, especially things like climate and terrain actively shapes culture
Environmental determinism
belief that environmental conditions may impact culture in some ways, but people are the primary architects of culture
Possibilism
Process by which an innovation or idea spreads from one place to another over time
Diffusion
Idea that develops in hearth and remains strong there while spreading outward
Expansion diffusion
Person tells somebody and that person tells another and so forth
Contagious diffusion
Spread of information from 1 kep person or node of authority/power to others with less power
Hierarchical diffusion
Something spreads but is changed by the people who adapt the idea
Stimulus diffusion
Idea spread through physical movement of people
Relocation diffusion
Many countries censor the internet
Censorship
Exchange goods, encounter new people and ideas, new vocabulary, language was adopted
Trade
Brought ideas/inventions with them. Shift in religion and language, cultural suppression
Colonialism
Trade, colonialism, war, urbanization, globalization
Causes to diffusion
Idea that interaction between 2 places decreases as the distance between them increases
Distance decay
Adopting cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another, while still maintaining elements of their own culture
Acculturation
Process of absorbing one cultural group into another. When this happens one group can no longer be distinguished from another more dominant culture group
Assimilation
Traits from 2 cultures fuse to form a new cultural trait
Syncretism
Existence of multiple cultures in 1 society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of practice
Multiculturalism
Favoring those born in a country over immigrants
Nativism
Force that unites and brings people together, leading to the strengthening of a state
Centripetal force
Force that divides people or prevents them from coming together, weakening the state
Centrifugal state
