culture and cognition Flashcards
Basic processes:
psychological or biological processes that are universally shared by all humans, such as cognition, perception, learning, brain organisation and genome.
Henrich et al. (2010): ‘The weirdest people in the world?’
WEIRD:
Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich & Democratic
Individuals organize and interpret the world based on their assumptions, beliefs, and goals, which are conditioned by the…
wealth of customs, institutions, and traditions of their culture.
Culture guides individuals when they attend to, perceive, evaluate, explain, describe, and remember events and objects related to themselves and the…
larger environment (Nisbett, 2003; Markus & Kitayama, 1991).
Illusion:
perception that differs from objective reality
Illusory distance cues:
The perceptual system may infer that one line segment is further away than the other on the basis of each line segment’s “wings” (i.e., > and
Canadian Eskimos were able to decontextualize the focal object from the field, and this was termed the…
the field- independent perceptual style.
Mobile hunting ecological settings and social structure is more oriented toward…
individual autonomy.
Culturally unique cognitive styles have been maintained due to particular ecological, philosophical, and…
social contexts (Nisbett, 2003; Nisbett et al., 2001) .
Analytic cognitive style
Western societies (mainly the United States, Canada, and Western European societies).
Focus on the central object by decontextualizing it from the context.
Field-independent.
Holistic cognitive style
East Asian societies (mainly China, Japan, and Korea).
Attending to both focal and contextual information as well as to the relations between the two.
Field-dependent.
Masuda et al (2008; 2012): investigated how people…
recognize and attend to others’ emotions in social situations.
American and East Asian participants viewed two alternating images and identified the differences between the first and second images.
what were the two changes called?
Focal change
Contextual change
Kitayama et al., (2003): Framed line test
Absolute task:
Relative task:
Absolute task: The line should be drawn as identical to the original line in absolute length.
Relative task: The proportion between the length of the line and the frame should be identical to that in the original stimulus.
