CULTURE Flashcards by Eliana Marie Refran

This affects so many aspects of life, including health-related definitions, health outcomes, and health practices.

CULTURE

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deviations from a biomedical norm

disease

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used in psychology to describe acculturation or adaptation to new cultural environment

Acculturative stress

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lived experience of culturally constructed categories

illness

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this is referred to as patient’s roles

sickness

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process affects values, behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, languages, and more

Acculturation process

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Why do nurses need to understand culture?

Nurses interact with clients every day. A client who looks like you and comes from your community may actually hold very different beliefs about illness and health, about when and from whom to seek care, about who makes the decision about health-related issues for the family.

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a shared system of values, beliefs, and learned patterns of
behavior.

CULTURE

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learned beliefs about what is held to be good or bad

VALUES

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learned behaviors that are perceived to be appropriate or inappropriate

NORMS

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circumstance when a person gives up the traits of their culture of origin as a result of context with another culture

ACCULTURATION

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gradual adoption and incorporation of characteristics of the prevailing culture

ASSIMILATION

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coexistence of a difference in behavior, traditions, and customs

CULTURAL DIVERSITY

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belief that the behaviors and practices of people should be judged only from the context of their cultural system.

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

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Intrusive application of the majority group’s cultural view upon individuals and families

CULTURAL IMPOSITION

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natural conscious and unconscious conditioning process of learning accepted cultural norms and achieving competence through socialization.

ENCULTURATION

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A socially, culturally, and politically constructed group that holds in common a set of characteristics not shared by others

ETHNICITY

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universal tendency of humans to think their ways of thinking, acting, and believing are the only right, proper, and natural ways

ETHNOCENTRISM

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Oversimplified conception, opinion, or belief about an aspect of an individual or group ; expecting group members to hold
the same beliefs and behave in the same way

STEREOTYPING

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group of people with a culture that differentiates them from the larger culture of which they are a part.
small group within the larger group

SUBCULTURE

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The way individuals or groups of people look at the universe to form basic assumptions and values about their lives and the world around them

WORLDVIEW

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a number of components and allows a nurse to integrate a cultural assessment into the health assessment of each client.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

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5 CONSTRUCTS TO EXAMINE CULTURAL COMPETENCE

AWARENESS
SKILLS
KNOWLEDGE
ENCOUNTERS
DESIRE

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not a physical characteristic but a socially constructed concept that has meaning to a larger group ; physical variation, genetically based ; person’s self identification w one or more social groups

RACE

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a group that has less power or prestige within the society; smaller population

MINORITY

those who are not native born or have not become permanent resident aliens or new citizens

IMMIGRANTS

those in the United States for a specific purpose with permanent residence in another country

NON IMMIGRANTS

those who have a well-founded fear of persecution should they return to their country of nationality

ASYLEES/REFUGEES

official term for those commonly referred to as illegal aliens

ILLEGAL/UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1. learn about the client’s beliefs and usual behaviors associated with health and illness. 2. compare and contrast the client’s beliefs and practices to standard Western health care. 3. compare the client’s beliefs and practices with those of other persons from a similar cultural background 4. assess the client’s health relative to diseases prevalent in the specific cultural group

Prevent or rebalance yin/yang, hot/cold foods and conditions, wear amulets, acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion

**(Asian Traditions)** Chinese medical practitioners, herbalists

Other term for hoodoo

Conjurers

Magical and herbal mix of herbs, roots, and rituals, talismans, or amulets

**(African Traditions)** Magicoherbalists, hoodoo, traditional healers, lay midwife

Respect for nature and avoid evil spirits, use masks, herbs, sand paintings, amulets

**(Native American/Alaska Traditions)** Medicine men or Shamans

Hot/cold balance for diet, herbs, amulets, prayers to God and saints, spiritual reparations, "evil eye"

**(Hispanic Traditions)** Folk healers

Also known as Curandera/bruja

Witch

Hispanic term for midwife

Partera

Maintain physical and emotional well-being with proper science based modern nutrition, and faith in God

**(Western European Traditions)** Homeopathic physicians, physicians

conditions that are perceived to exist in various cultures; psychological and physical symptoms

Culture Bound Syndromes

Result from stressful events and build up anger over time

**(LATIN)** Ataque de nervios

soft foods believed to adhere to stomach wall; most common in children

Empacho

Cause often thought to be stranger’s touch or attention. ; Children and women are more at risk

Mal de ojo (evil eye)

see rootwork under Africa and African Origin in Americas

Mal puesto

Spanish word for “fright,” caused by natural means or supernatural means

Susto

Mexican term for fallen fontanel; caused by midwife failing to press on the palate after delivery

Caida de la mollera

Haitian women immigrants identify this as pain in the body

Douleur de corps

Sudden collapse preceded by dizziness, spinning sensation.

**(AFRICAN ORIGINS)** Falling out or blacking out

Belief that illnesses are supernatural in origin

Rootwork

Communication with dead relatives or spirits; personality change

Spell

Slang term for high blood pressure; thick or excessive blood that rises in the body

High Blood

Not enough or weak blood caused by diet

Low Blood

Contaminated blood; often refers to STI

Bad blood

A panic disorder with sudden agitated outbursts; may have hallucinations

Bouffee delirante

Spirit possession with symptoms such as dissociative episodes with laughing, shouting, hitting the head against a wall

Zar

Feelings of danger, confusion; possible preoccupation with death

**(NATIVE AMERICAN)** Ghost Sickness/Navajo

Unwanted separation from a loved one.

Hi-Waitck

An abrupt onset, extreme excitement of up to 30 minutes, often followed by convulsive seizures and coma lasting up to 12 hours, with amnesia of the event

Pibloktoq or Arctic hysteria

Often reaction to disappointment or interpersonal problems.

Wacinko *(Oglala Sioux)*

Occurs among males (20–45 years old) after perceived slight or insult

**(ASIAN)** Amok (Malaysia)

Fear that genitalia will retract into the body; leads to death

Koro

Occurs after traumatic episode or surprise

Latah (Malaysia)

Similar conditions that result from the belief that semen (or “vital essence”) is being lost.

Shenkui (China)/Dhat (India)

Dread of offending or hurting others by behavior or physical condition such as body odor ; *Social Phobia*

Taijin Kyofusho

Fear of wind; loss of *yang* energy

Illness

Severely restricted food and calorie intake.

**(NORTH AMERICAN)** Anorexia nervosa

Binge eating and self induced vomiting, laxative, or diuretic use

Bulimia Nervosa

used to treat back pain, involves placing heated glass jars on the skin.

Cupping

rubbing ointment into the skin with a spoon or coin ; used for "wind illness"

Coining

attachment of smoldering herbs to the end of acupuncture needles or the placement of the herbs on the skin

Moxibustion

Lovern and Locust noted that for native americans this is a thorough integration of culture, sacred narrative or religion, and health

healing

This category refers to the client’s physical, biologic, and physiologic variations, such as variations in drug metabolism, disease, and health conditions.

biocultural ecology

Types of Variation

- Body surface variation - Anatomic variation - Developmental variation - Biochemical variation and differential disease susceptibility - Geographic and ethnic disease variation