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Sociology AB > Culture > Flashcards

Culture Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

beliefs

A

ideas about the nature of reality

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2
Q

counter-culture

A

a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture

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3
Q

cultural diffusion

A

the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point

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4
Q

cultural diversity

A

the presence of diverse or different cultures among a society

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5
Q

cultural integration

A

the close relationships among various elements of a cultural system

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6
Q

cultural lag

A

the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system

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7
Q

cultural particulars

A

the ways in which a culture expresses universal traits

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8
Q

cultural relativism

A

the practice of judging another culture by its own standards

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9
Q

cultural transmission

A

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

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10
Q

cultural universals

A

general culture traits that exist in all cultures

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11
Q

culture

A

knowledge, values, customs and physical objects that are shared by members of a society

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12
Q

culture trait

A

any trait of human activity acquired in social life and transmitted by communication

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13
Q

culture shock

A

personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar culture

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14
Q

drive

A

impulse to reduce discomfort

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15
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture

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16
Q

folkways

A

norms that lack moral significance

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17
Q

global perspective

A

the study of the larger world and our society’s place in it

18
Q

globalization

A

the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture

19
Q

high culture

A

cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite

20
Q

ideal culture

A

an abstract guideline of the characteristics that a culture should embody; how people should behave

21
Q

instinct

A

innate patterns of behavior

22
Q

language

A

the system of symbols that allows people to communicate with each other

23
Q

law

A

a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials

24
Q

material culture

A

the physical objects passed down through generations within a society

25
Q

mores

A

norms that have moral dimensions and should be followed by members of the society

26
Q

multiculturalism

A

an effort to enhance appreciation for cultural diversity

27
Q

nonmaterial culture

A

the ideas, values, customs and knowledge passed down through generations within a society

28
Q

popular culture

A

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population

29
Q

norms

A

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

30
Q

real culture

A

actual behavior patterns of a culture; how people do behave

31
Q

reflex

A

automatic reaction to physical stimulus

32
Q

sanctions

A

rewards or punishments used to encourage society to follow norms

33
Q

sapir-whorf thesis

A

the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language; also known as the Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity

34
Q

social categories

A

groupings of persons who share a social characteristic

35
Q

social control

A

attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior

36
Q

society

A

the people who inhabit a specified territory and share a particular culture

37
Q

sociobiology

A

the study of the biological basis of human behavior

38
Q

subculture

A

a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important aspects

39
Q

symbols

A

anything that carries a particular meaning recognized within a society

40
Q

taboo

A

proscribed by society as improper and unacceptable

41
Q

values

A

broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society

Sociology AB (4 decks)

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