culture Flashcards
Culture
The way of life in a particular society
Material Culture
Physical things that people create and attach meaning to
Non-material Culture
Ideas that people share
Tradition
A particular belief or behaviour that forms the way of life in a particular society, with specific symbolic meaning or significance to the past
Cultural Transmission
Passing on culture between different members of society to the next generation
Social Construction
How people define concepts and social rules
Collectivist Culture
Belonging to a particular group as more important that personal freedom
Individualistic Culture
Emphasises individual freedom and personal gain, sometimes at the expense of others
Cultural Diversity
Cultures vary across the world and change over time
Norms
Expected ways of behaving in a particular situation
Social Control
Written and unwritten rules that we follow
Formal Control
Written rules and laws
Informal Control
Expected ways of behaving
Mores
Ways of behaving that are seen as good and moral
Values
Beliefs that a society promotes and follows
Roles
Expected behaviours for any situation that we may find ourselves in
Role Conflict
Struggle between our expected behaviours in different situations
Status
A person’s standing or position in society
Ascribed Status
Position you are born into
Achieved Status
Position you earn
Social Change
The changing nature of society over time
Nature
People are influenced by genetics and they inherit characteristics
Nurture
People are influenced by their upbringing and they learn their behaviour
Imitation
Copying behaviour
Role Model
Someone you look up to and want to be like
Primary Socialisation
Child learns from immediate family
Secondary Socialisation
Child learns from wider society
Tertiary Socialisation
Adult socialisation, adapting to new situations
Agency of Socialisation
A social group that passes on culture, norms, and values
Habitus
Social situation in which we feel most comfortable
Formal Socialisation
Deliberate training of people to follow rules
Informal Socialisation
Unwritten rules like norms
Sanctions
The response we get from others - reward or punishment
Expectations
A preconceived idea about a person or group should behave
Identify
A sense of who you are, relationships to other people, and your place in society
Primary Identity
Our sense of self
Secondary Identity
The role you play in society
National Identity
Sense of nation as a cohesive whole, represented by traditions, culture, language
Extreme Nationalism
Extreme pride for your country and willing to do anything for your country to keep its pride
