Culture Flashcards
During the Torjan War, who was King of Troy; name means “ransomed one” originally named Podarces
Priam
In a Roman Army, what was/were the tesserae?
passwords
What was Sulla’s list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla’s prescriptions
Who killed Servius Tullius?
His daughter Tullia and her later husband Tarquinius Superbus
Who is the victorious Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Drepana?
Hamilcar
List the 5 river of the Underworld and their traits.
- Styx (hate/ oaths of gods)2. Lethe (forgetfulness)3. Plegethon (fire)4. Cocytus (wailing)5. Acheron (pain)
In what form did Zeus seduce Leda, queen of Sparta?
A swan (don’t ask me how that works)
Describe the following
Syracuse
Major city in Sicily
Who was punished in the Undeworld by being placed on a spinning wheel of fire?
Ixion
Which members of the Year of Five Emperors did not actually count as emperors?
Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the “sword of Rome”
What did Zeus gain by swallowing Metis?
Wisdom
What battle ends the First Punic War?
Aegates Islands
What man usurped the Alban throne from his brother Numitor?
Amulius
Whose symbols were the Forge, Anvil?
Hephaestus
Where was Hasdrubal defeated?
Metaurus River
What was the name of the Cyclops encountered by Odysseus?
Polyphemus
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
Give the years of the Five Good Emperors.
96 AD - 180 AD
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
What did Antony get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the east empire
How did Antoninus Pius become emperor?
He was the adopted son and heir of Hadrian
Who were the sisters of the gorgons who shared one eye and one tooth between them?
the Graiae
Who is the 5th king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen “cunctator”?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
Which king invented the calendar?
Numa Pompilius
Who was the Gallic chief at Allia River in 390 BC?
Brennus
What is the Greek form of Polluxʼs name?
Polydeuces
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the longest lasting factiones?
blue, green
What man was the first Etruscan king of Rome and the fifth overall to rule the city?
Tarquinius Priscus
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the First Punic War and the Second Punic War that occurred in 237 BC.
Hamilcar moves to Spain
When did the First Punic War end?
241 BC
What kind of nymphs were dryads (hamadryads)?
tree nymphs
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
When was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
Who does this describe: asked dad (sun god) to drive chariot of sun; couldn’t handle horses, burned earth, etc; lightning bolt?
Phaethon
Which god(dess) had the job of Sea, earthquakes, horses?
Poseidon
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
Which dynasty came after the Year of Five Emperors?
Severan Dynasty
Who led the conspiracy against the life of Julius Caesar?
Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
Who fought at the Battle of Allia River, and what was the result?
Gaul vs. Rome; Gaul won and sacked Rome
What title did Julius Caesar receive at one point?
Pater Patriae
How did the emperor Vitellius die?
Murdered by Vespasian’s troops
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
On what day was the emperor Galba born?
December 24 3 BC
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Apollo
Apollo
Give the full name for the cousin of Hadrian who became emperor of Rome in 98 AD.
Marcus Ulpius Trajanus
Fun Fact: Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born in around 53 AD in Spain. In his early career he served in Syria, Spain and Germany. He was adopted by the Emperor Nerva in 97 AD and succeeded him on his death a year later. Trajan was an extremely successful Emperor who brought together the senate and the people behind many of the works he undertook. His wars in Dacia, north of the Danube, led to ceasefire in 102 AD and more significant success in 105 AD. The leader of the Dacians, Decebalus, was driven to commit suicide and this was up-held as one of Trajan’s finest achievements. Trajan’s column depicts the two Dacian campaigns and served as the emperor’s mausoleum. Trajan undertook campaigns against the Parthians in Mesopotamia in 115 and 116 AD, though little long term benefit arose from these. Before he could return to Rome, however, he died in 117 AD in Cilicia. His reputation stood high with the people as he had strengthened Rome’s borders while ruling firmly and well. He was the guardian of Hadrian and was married to Plotina. He was also the cousin of Afer, Hadrian’s father.
Whose symbols were the Owl, Olive, Helmet?
Athena
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
In what year was Julius Caesar consul, and who was consul with him?
59 BC; Bibulus
Give the year(s) for the reign of Augustus.
27 BC - 14 AD
On what date was Caesar killed?
Ides of March (March 15), 44 BC
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
Where was the only place in Rome Brennus did not capture?
The Capitoline Hill
After being chased off the throne, from which people did Tarquinius Superbus seek help?
Etruscans
At what battle in 105 BC, the worst Roman defeat since the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC, did a joint force of Cimbri and Teutones defeat the Romans along the banks of the Rhône?
Arausio (Orange)
Give the year for the second consulship of Pompey and Crassus.
55 BC
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the circus maximus is between which two hills?
the Palatine and Aventine hills
Describe the following
Lars Porsenna
King of Etruria; Helped Tarquinius Superbus when Superbus was exiled from Rome
What man tried to kill Porsenna, was captured, then thrust his right arm into a fire to prove his bravery, and was released because of this?
Gaius Mucius Scaevola
In Roman Funerals, what was/were the praeficae?
professional mourners
Give the emperor Antoninus Pius’ full name.
Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
Name the twelve Olympians in Greek.
Zeus, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hermes, Hephaestus.
Give the year(s) for the reign of Constantius II.
337 AD - 361 AD
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the flammeum?
“saffron” colored veil
In which year were the Twelve Tables formally “enacted”?
449 BC
Who was the father of Orestes?
Agamemnon
What battle decides the result of the Civil War in 48 BC?
Battle of Pharsalus
Whose symbols were the Bident, Helmet of Invisibility?
Hades
What were the symbol(s) of Apollo?
Sun, Oracle at Delphi, Lyre
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
Io was the priestess of which god/godess in Argos?
Hera
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
How long was Hadrian an emperor?
21 years
What was the 6th of the Twelve Labors?
Slay the Stymphalian Birds
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 295 BC.
Sentinum
What creature sent by Hera drove Io mad?
a gadfly
Who, among the Roman girls held captive by Lars Porsenna, swam the Tiber to get back to Rome?
Cloelia
What was Sulla’s list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla’s prescriptions
Describe the following
Mamertines
group of mercenaries in Sicily whose aid Rome came to, thus causing the First Punic War
What city brought in King Pyrrhus to help them fight the Romans in the Pyrrhic War?
Tarentum
Which Roman emperor was called Verissimus as a child in the court of the emperor Hadrian?
Marcus Aurelius
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
Give the year(s) for the reign of Valentinian I.
364 AD - 375 AD
How was Marcus Tullius Cicero exiled?
Clodius Pulcher (a tribune under Caesar) passed a law against him
Hera always hated Heracles. What did she do to him when he was 8 months old?
sent 2 snakes to kill him (he strangled them)
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
Which god(dess) had the job of King, weather?
Zeus
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
Where was Minos king?
Crete
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 249.
Verona
When was Julius Caesar consul?
59 BC
What was the war between Rome and Pyrrhus known as?
Pyrrhic War
Who cleaved open Zeus’s head to release a fully grown Athena?
Hephaestus
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Diana
Artemis
Who were the parents of Dionysus?
Zeus and Semele
When did the first triumvirate begin?
60 BC
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
Which Roman monarch is said to have refused to buy the full set of Sibylline books only to purchase a part of them for a greater price later.
Tarquin the Proud/Tarquinius Priscus
Which god(dess) had the job of Wisdom, war, handicrafts?
Athena
What happens at the Battle of Nicopolis?
Pompey decisively defeats Mithridates
Give the year(s) for the reign of Aurelian.
270 AD - 275 AD
When does the Second Punic War end?
201 BC
When was Caesar elected dictator for life?
44 BC
Whose rule ended in 37 AD?
Tiberius
What was Caligula’s original name?
Gaius
How long was Otho an emperor?
3 months 1 day (91 days)
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the sportula?
cold food basket given to client when he is received by patron in his atrium
What sea-faring people on the coast of Gaul does Caesar campaign against in 56 BC?
Veneti
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
What happened at the Battle of Ilerda?
Caesar marches to Spain and defeats Pompey’s commanders
What battle occurred in 295 BC?
Battle of Sentinum
What does Epimetheus mean?
Afterthought
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
On what day of history was the Roman emperor Hadrian said to have been born?
January 24th, 76 AD
Fun Fact: Publius Aelius Hadrianus was born on January 24th, 76 AD, in Rome, or perhaps in Spain: we don’t know this for sure. On the death of his father he was adopted by Trajan at an early age and was coached into the role of emperor. He served with Trajan in various campaigns including the Dacian wars and held various positions in his entourage. His official adoption as successor was announced after Trajan’s death in 117 AD, though Hadrian’s promotion to emperor was made difficult as he was disliked by some leading senators: in the process four ex-consuls were killed, accused of plotting against him. Hadrian had interests in performing arts and architecture, and his villa at Tivoli was his refuge. He spent much of his time visiting far off outposxts of the empire and strengthening its boundaries. His wall in northern England is famous but he also constructed a similar frontier system in Germany. Other visits took him to Spain, Greece, North Africa, Turkey and Egypt. Exhausted by travels, he returned to Rome where he appointed Aurelius Antoninus as his successor in early 138 AD. He died in the same year and was buried in his mausoleum, later renamed Castel Sant’ Angelo.
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 60 BC.
1st triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey
Give the years for the Third Punic War.
149 BC - 146 BC
Who named Vespasian princeps?
the armies in the Near East
What were the symbol(s) of Hermes?
Caduceus, Winged Sandals
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
What were the job(s) of Hades?
Underworld, wealth
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Aphrodite
Venus
Where was Caesar killed?
at the foot of the statue of Pompey
Which of Zeusʼs sisters is not one of the twelve Olympians?
Demeter
Into what form did Zeus turn Io to hide her from his wife?
Heifer
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
Who was the youngest child of Cronus and Rhea?
Zeus
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the praetor?
judges (8 elected yearly)
With what nymph did Polyphemus fall in love?
Galatea
On what day did the emperor Tiberius die?
March 16, 37 AD
In a Roman House, what was/were the cubiculum?
bedroom
Who was the mother of Artemis?
Leto
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
Where was Servius Tullius supposedly from?
slave
For how many days was Cincinnatus dictator?
16
Describe the following
Mt. Algidus
Battle of 458 BC where Cincinnatus defeated the Aequi
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 117.
Hatra
On what day was the emperor Nero born?
December 15, 37 AD
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
What was Rome’s second province?
Corsica and Sardinia
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
Who eventually subdued Spartacus’ revolt?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
How did Zeus seduce Hera?
In the form of a disheveled cuckoo (because that’s what the kids are into nowadays)
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 147 BC.
Carthage
Who was dictator in 458 BC?
Cincinnatus
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
What battle ended the First Punic War?
Battle of Aegates Islands
Give the emperor Caligula’s full name.
Gaius Iulius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
What battle occurred in 458 BC?
Battle of Mt. Algidus
Who was the mother of Cassandra?
Hecuba
Who was the wife of Tarquinius Priscus?
Tanaquil
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Hadrian.
117 AD - 138 AD
How was Caligula killed?
Praetorian Guard
Through another marriage, who is the son of Livia, the third wife of Augustus?
Tiberius
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Hades
Pluto, Dis
Julius Vindex revolted against Nero in support of Galba’s ascension to the imperial power, but his revolt was put down by this commander in Germania Superior.
Verginius Rufus
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
What were the job(s) of Artemis?
Hunting, moon
When Castor and Polydeuces are called the Tyndaridae, who is the father named?
Tyndareus
Name the 5 rivers of the underworld.
Acheron - river of woe, Cocytus - river of lamentation, Styx - river of unbreakable oaths, Phlegethon - river of fire, and Lethe - river of forgetfulness.
Who was the mother of Electra?
Clytemnestra
Between what years did Marcus Aurelius co-rule with Lucius Verus?
161 AD - 169 AD
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
What occurred in 45 BC?
Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey at Munda(Spain)
How long was Vespasian an emperor?
10 years
Who became consul in place of Brutus?
Publius Valerius Publicola (or Poplicola)
Who was the father of Electra?
Agamemnon
Give the emperor Vespasian’s full name.
Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Neptune
Poseidon
Who was the son of Io and Zeus?
Epaphus
Which god(dess) had the job of Messengers, laughter, thieves?
Hermes
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
What did the Lex Titia do?
made the second triumvirate legal
What were the symbol(s) of Hades?
Bident, Helmet of Invisibility
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
On what day did the emperor Nerva die?
January 27, 98 AD
Which group consisted of Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, Septimius Severus?
Year of Five Emperors
What happened to Mettius Fufettius and why?
drawn and quartered for his treachery against Rome
What monster is described here: part lion, goat, snake
Chimera
Which child of Iapetus was condemned to hold up the heavens on his shoulders?
Atlas
Where was Pyrrhus king of?
Epirus (Greece)
What law was written in 66 BC?
Lex Manilia
Who was the husband of Metaneira and the father of Demophon?
Celeus
Give the alleged years of king Tarquinius Superbus’ reign.
535 BC - 509 BC
What type of policy is Tiberius Gracchus known to have pushed?
agrarian (land) reform
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla “Felix”
Give the years of the Flavian Dynasty.
69 AD - 96 AD
Who was the seventh king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
How did the emperor Otho die?
Committed suicide after losing Battle of Bedriacum to Vitellius
Who was the father of Helen?
Zeus
Who was the mother of Castor?
Leda
According to legend, who led the Romans in the Battle of Lake Regillus?
the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux
Name the second and third wives of Augustus.
Scribonia and Livia, respectively
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 168 BC.
Pydna
Who was Romulus’ wife?
Hersilia
Describe the following
Gauls/Senones
Roman term for the Celtic people of the north; Senones were the tribe that sacked Rome at the Battle of Allia River in 390 BC
Give the year(s) for the reign of Gallienus.
253 AD - 268 AD
Where was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
Gergovia
What was Ancus Marcius’ origin?
Sabine
Name the Seven Roman Kings in order.
Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus
On what day did the emperor Trajan die?
August 7, 117 AD
Which god(dess) had the job of Love and Beauty?
Aphrodite
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the tunica recta?
white wedding dress
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla “Felix”
Where does Cato the Younger commit suicide?
Utica
At what age did Nero become emperor?
Sixteen years old
Where were the Vestal Virgins from?
Alba Longa
Who defeated Caesar’s forces during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix
Who was Servius Tullius’ mom?
Ocrisia from the Etruscan town of Corniculum
Describe the following
Cannae
Major Roman defeat during 2nd Punic War; known as Rome’s greatest defeat
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
Into what did Dionysus change the pirates who tried to capture him?
Dolphins
What office did Crassus hold in 65 BC, although he resigned along with his colleague because they could not resolve their differences, thus abandoning their eighteen month appointment?
censor
When was the battle of Actium?
31 BC
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
Which child of Iapetus stole fire for mankind?
Prometheus
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa’s sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
With whom did Tarquinius Superbus seek help after beign chased out of Rome?
The Etruscans
Give the dates of Hadrian’s reign.
August 11, 117 AD – July 10, 138 AD
What land regions were the First Samnite War centered around?
the city of Capua and the land of Campania
During the Torjan War, who was the 2nd greatest fighter of Greeks, vied with Odysseus for Achilles’ armor (lost)
Ajax the Greater
Who was the Titan of the underworld river Styx and personification of hatred?
Styx
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
Why was Tantalus punished in the Underworld?
He fed his son to the gods
What did Cornelia call her sons?
“Gemae” (her jewels)
Whose symbols were the Thunderbolt, eagle?
Zeus
Whose rule began in 98 AD?
Trajan
What did the Battle of Colline Gate do?
solidify Sulla’s control of Rome
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
On what day did the emperor Vitellius die?
December 20, 69 AD
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 71 BC.
Silarus River
In which province can you find Philippi?
Graecia (Greece)
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Juno
Hera
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
Who ruled from 27 BC - 14 AD?
Augustus
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa’s sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
Give the year(s) for the reign of Tacitus.
275 AD- 276 AD
Who succeeded the emperor Hadrian?
Antoninus Pius
During the Torjan War, who was King of Mycenae/king of the Greeks; husband of Clytemnestra
Agamemnon
Over a two-year period at the beginning of the Second Punic War, Rome lost a series of four major battles. Name the four in order and their years.
Ticinus River - 218 BC; Trebia River - 218 BC; Lake Trasimene - 217 BC; Cannae - 216 BC
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Domitian.
81 AD - 96 AD
On what day was Julius Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC
Which war was fought from 218 BC - 201 BC?
Second Punic War
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the paterfamilias?
head of family (family includes wife, children, slaves and property)
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Bestiarii?
hunters - fought wild beasts
Describe the following
Aegates Islands
Last battle of the 1st Punic War; Rome wins.
Give the year(s) for the reign of Gratian.
367 AD - 383 AD
What with one praetorian prefect plotting to become emperor and another smothering an emperor - it can make an emperor nervous! How did Vespasian solve the loyalty problem of the Praetorian Prefect position?
He appointed his son Titus to the position
What were the job(s) of Poseidon?
Sea, earthquakes, horses
On what day does the Empire begin?
January 16, 27 BC
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
Who does this describe: flew too close to sun with wings dad (Daedalus) made; Icarian sea?
Icarus
What did Tarpeia want in exchange for letting the Sabines into the city?
she asked for “what they wear on their left arms”
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 476.
Fall of Rome’
What primordial deity was the gods of the mountains?
The Ourea
What primordial deity was the goddess of daylight?
Hemera
Where was the emperor Antoninus Pius born?
Near Lanuvium, Italia
Give the year(s) for the reign of Trajan Decius.
249 AD - 251 AD
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
Where was the emperor Otho born?
Ferentinum, Etruria, Italia
Which dynasty ruled from 27 BC - 68 AD?
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
What type of battle was the Battle of Mylae?
naval
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Vop.?
Vopisca
Why did Theseus leave Ariadne of Naxos?
Dionysus came to Theseus in a dream and asked him to leave Ariadne on the island
What type of battle was the Battle of Agrigentum?
land battle
Describe the following
Aequi
Tribe that fought Cincinnatus on Mount Algidus in 458 BC
Where was Rome’s first naval victory?
Battle of Mylae
What supposedly happened to Romulus?
he disappeared in a storm or whirlwind during or shortly after offering a public sacrifice near or at the Quirinal Hill
Who was the prince of Troy, abducted by Zeus as an eagle to serve as a cup-bearer to the gods?
Ganymede
What year did Caudine Forks take place?
321 BC?
Give the years of the Severan Dynasty.
193 AD - 235 AD
Who was the mother of the Roman emperor Hadrian?
Paulina
Fun Fact: Hadrian’s mother was called Paulina, who came from the coastal town of Cadiz, called Gades in Roman times.
Whose symbols were the Thunderbolt, eagle?
Zeus
Who was the Roman emperor Hadrian’s ultimate successor, and in what year did Hadrian appoint them?
Aurelius Antoninus (Pius); 138 AD
What occurred in 209 BC?
Capture of New Carthage
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
What battle took place in 69 BC?
Battle of Tigranocerta
Give the year(s) for the reign of Galerius.
305 AD - 311 AD
What was Sulla’s list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla’s prescriptions
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
Who did Tiberius marry?
Augustus’ daughter Julia
Whom did Didius Julianus beat out in an auction for the Roman Empire?
Sulpicianus
What did the Lex Hortensia do?
made all resolutions passed by the plebeians binding on all citizens
Who was Demophonʼs mother who snatched him from the flames?
Metaneira
How many secessions of the Plebs occur throughout Roman history?
5
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Diana
Artemis
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Proserpina
Persephone
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated V.?
Vibius
Name and describe the event(s) about the period between the Second Punic War and the Third Punic War that occurred in 183 BC.
Hannibal’s suicide
In which battle of 451 AD did Aetius stop Atilla the Hun?
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
Name the three gorgons.
Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa
Who was the father of Helenus?
Priam
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
Where is Cicero killed?
Formiae
How did Hadrian become emperor?
He was the adopted son and heir of Trajan
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Hermes
Mercury
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 204 BC.
Scipio lands in Africa
Who was the Titan of warcraft?
Pallas
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 387.
Siscia
Describe the following
P. Claudius Pulcher
Romen general who threw the sacred chickens overboard and thus ensured the Roman defeat of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War
What did Brennus famously say after conquering Rome and what does it mean?
“Vae Victis”- Woe to the Conquered
After Pelias is killed, where do Jason and Medea sail?
Corinth, where they live there with their sons for 10 years
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 218.
Antioch
Who was the father of Paris?
Priam
Who was the mother of Orestes?
Clytemnestra
What did Tiberius Gracchus’ land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
Who was Julius Caesar planning a campaign against before his assassination?
Parthians
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated T.?
Titus
Who was the first plebeian praetor?
Publilius Philo
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
Give the year(s) for the reign of Claudius Gothicus.
268 AD - 270 AD
How did the emperor Lucius Verus die?
Natural causes (Plague)
What were the Sileni?
creatures part man, part horse, that walked on two legs, had horses hooves and tails and sometimes horsesʼ ears.
In a Roman Army, what was/were the pugio?
dagger
Parents of Romulus?
Rhea Silvia and Mars
What man won the Third Punic War for Rome?
Scipio Aemilianus
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated K.?
Caeso
What was Sulla’s most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
Where was Mithridates VI king?
Pontus
Who did Marius defeat at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC?
Teutones
Which god(dess) had the job of Hunting, moon?
Artemis
Give the year(s) for the reign of Valerian.
253 AD- 260 AD
Which triumvirate was not legal?
the First Triumvirate
Who won the Battle of Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa defeat the forces of Antony and Cleopatra
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 194.
Issus and Nicaea
Who was the mother of Romulus
Rhea Silvia
What was the capital city of Etruria during the reign of Lars Porsenna?
Clusium
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
Who was the father of Iphigenia?
Agamemnon
What is another name for the Furies?
the Erinyes
Who helped Theseus through the Labyrinth?
Ariadne
Name 4 people who helped Perseus in his quest
Hermes, Athena, the Graiae, and the Nymphs of the North (Stygian Nymphs or Hyperboreans)
Who formed the Second Triumvirate?
Gaius Octavius, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony (Marcus Antoninus)
In Roman Religion, what was/were the auspex?
priest who checks sky for omens (birds/lightning)
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
How long was Domitian an emperor?
15 years
What two sets of triplets fought during the reign of Tullus Hostilius?
The Roman Horatii triplets and the Alban Curiatii triplets
What were Rome and Carthage fighting over?
Messana(Sicily)
What did Tiberius Gracchus’ land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the dictator?
had absolute power in times of emergency; normally ruled 6 months maximum
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
What are the five ages of man?
The golden age, silver age, bronze age, age of heroes, iron age
Who were Europa’s parents?
Agenor and Telephassa (King and Queen of Sidon)
At what battle of 340 AD did Constans defeat Constantine II?
Aquileia
What were the Manes?
the spirits of the good dead in Hades
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 254 BC.
Romans capture Panormus
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
What goddess punished Echo by taking away her voice?
Juno
What does the name “Caligula” mean?
little boots
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated L.?
Lucius
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
Which Titan was the least individualized?
Crius
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
What year was Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus?
63 BC
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
What did Poseidon send to Ethiopia after Cassiopeia boasted?
the sea monster Cetus
What dynasty did Augustus found?
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Who was the father of Andromeda?
Cepheus
How did Nerva become emperor?
He was appointed by the Senate
What battle took place in AD 9?
Teutoburg Forest
Who killed Servius Tullius?
his daughter Tullia and Superbus, her husband
Who does Caesar defeat at Zela?
Pharnaces (II), son of Mithridates VI of Pontus
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated Oct.?
Octavius
Into what had Zeus changed Io?
a cow or heifer
Against what enemy of Rome did Trajan fight and ultimately win, thus causing a column to be constructed in honor of the victory?
Dacia
What kind of nymphs were the Melias?
ash tree nymphs
Who was involved in the Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Romans vs. Aequi
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cornicen?
horn blower
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
What did Julius Caesar receive from the First Triumvirate?
a five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul
Who was the father of Aeneas?
Anchises
What occurred in 211 BC?
Hannibal’s March on Rome and the defeat of the Scipios in Spain
What is Mithridates’ massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
In a Roman School, what was/were the stylus and tabula (tabella)?
pen and notebook
Give the year(s) for the reign of Aemilian.
253 AD
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
Who does this describe: fastest runner; run faster to marry her; Hippomenes used Golden Apples to beat her; forgot to thank Aphrodite – turned into lions?
Atalanta
Who is the 4th king of Rome?
Ancus Marcius
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Hephaestus
Vulcan
How did Titus become emperor?
He was the son of Vespasian
The First Punic War probably would have ended fifteen years before it actually did if not for the punitively harsh surrender terms demanded by what Roman leader?
Marcus Atilius Regulus
Give the emperor Nerva’s full name.
Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
What did Romulus make 100 of the most noble and wealthy fathers?
patricians and senators
Describe the following
C. Duilius
Successful general at the Battle of Mylae in 260 BC; used corvus (a spiked gang plank) to win
How did Claudius obtain the status of emperor?
the Praetorian Guard chose him
Where did Tiberius retire later in life?
Capri
Who succeeded the emperor Galba?
Otho
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
What were Rome and Carthage fighting over during the First Punic War?
Messana (strait between Sicily and Italy)
What was the purpose of the Fetiales?
to mediate disputes and declare war
Which province led a revolt against Rome under Nero, and who led that revolt?
Britain led by Queen Boudicca
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Who did Marius defeat at Aqua Sexitae?
Teutones
Which years consisted of the writing of the Twelve Tables?
451- 450 BC
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Battle of Heraclea
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga pura?
same as toga virilis
What hero helped the gods when the Giants later rebelled against the Olympians?
Hercules
What pleiad bore Dardanus, founder of Troy?
Electra
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian censor?
351 BC
What battle takes place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
What battle took place in 255 BC?
Battle of Bagradas Valley
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
In another version of the story, a jealous wind god kills Hyacinthus. Which one?
Zephyr
Like many others, Cicero was executed in what type of sanctioned manhunt whereby a price is put on the heads of the condemned whose English name is Latin-derived?
Proscription
What provinces was Augustus given when he began?
Egypt, Gaul, and Syria
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
Which god(dess) had the job of Messengers, laughter, thieves?
Hermes
Who was the father of Achilles?
Peleus
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
Who does this describe: son of Oeneus and Althaea; kills Calydonian Boar; gives Atalanta trophy; uncles mad – fight – he kills uncles; mom kills him by burning the log that had the same life span.?
Meleager
Give the year(s) for the reign of Trebonianus Gallus.
251 AD - 253 AD
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
Which consul dies at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
Who was the Visigoth who sacked Rome in 410 AD?
Alaric
Who did Varus face at the Battle of Teutoberg Forest?
Arminius
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 293 BC.
Aquilonia
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 468.
off Carthage
On what day was the emperor Vitellius born?
September 24, 15 AD
Describe the following
Samnites
Italian tribe who fought three wars against Rome
When was Marius’ first consulship?
107 BC
What were the symbol(s) of Hermes?
Caduceus, Winged Sandals
What was Scipio Nasica’s relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
What were the job(s) of Hades?
Underworld, wealth
When did Caesar cross into Britannia?
55 and 54 BC
Where was Numitor king?
Alba Longa
Who was the Titan of light?
Hyperion
Who was the brother of Romulus?
Remus
In a Roman Army, what was/were the aquilifer?
holder of the eagle
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
Who did Zeus denounce after he found it was prophesied that she would bear a son more powerful than his father?
Thetis
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
What young child did Demeter attempt to make immortal by annointing him with ambrosia and placing him in a hot fire?
Demophon
Give the year(s) for the reign of Vetranio.
350 AD
At what age did Severus Alexander achieve the throne?
13 years old
What treaty is formed in 49 BC?
Treaty of Brundisium
What was the First Triumvirate?
a powerful political alliance
What were the symbol(s) of Athena?
Owl, Olive, Helmet
Who was the mother of Heracles?
Alcmene
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Via Sacra?
road which ran through the forum
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 45 BC.
Munda
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
Who lost the Battle of Vesuvius?
the Latins
Who does this describe: tamed Pegasus with a golden bridle; killed Chimaera; tried to fly Pegasus to Olympus?
Bellerophon
What war took place from 73-63 BC?
Third Mithridatic War
Who replaced the kings after the monarchy fell?
Consuls
In a Roman Army, what was/were the lorica?
leather breastplate
When did the monarchy begin?
April 21, 753 BC
Give the year(s) for the reign of Carus.
282 AD - 283 AD
Describe the following
Ancus Marcius
4th King of Rome; built the first bridge across the Tiber at Rome (the Pons Sublicius), captured the salt pits at the Tiber’s mouth from the Etruscans, and founded the port city of Ostia.
What battle took place in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
Who is sole consul in 52 BC?
Pompey
After the death of his father, Hadrian was adopted by which future Roman emperor?
Trajan
Who succeeded the emperor Vitellius?
Vespasian
Give the year(s) for the reign of Julius Nepos.
474 AD - 475 AD
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Artemis
Diana
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra die?
suicide
What was the aegis?
the breastplate of Zeus (often worn by Athena) on which she placed the Gorgonʼs head
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
Who was the father of Rhadamanthys?
Zeus
What Greek king fought the Romans between 280 BC and 275 BC?
Pyrrhus
Give the dates of Tiberius’ reign.
September 18, 14 BC - March 16, 37 AD
Who ruled from 81 AD - 96 AD?
Domitian
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
What religious organization did Numa Pompilius bring to Rome from Alba Longa?
Vestal Virgins
Who led the decemviri?
Appius Claudius
What law was passed in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
When was the Battle of Canae?
216 BC
What battle took place in 82 BC?
Battle of Colline Gate
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
Which group ruled from 96 AD - 180 AD?
Five Good Emperors
Who was the mother of Telemachus?
Penelope
Give the year for the Battle of Asculum.
279 BC
Give the years of the Severan Dynasty.
193 AD - 235 AD
Who was the wife of Faustulus?
Acca Laurentia
Describe the following
Faustulus
Shepherd who raised Romulus and Remus
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
What year is known as the Year of Four Emperors?
69 AD
Who thrust his hand into the coals to impress Lars Porsenna?
Mucius Scaevola
Which god(dess) had the job of Blacksmith?
Hephaestus
Who were the Roman leaders at Sentinum?
Publius Decius Mus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
How was Marcus Tullius Cicero exiled?
Clodius Pulcher (a tribune under Caesar) passed a law against him
Who was the winner at Naulochus?
Marcus Agrippa, famous general of Octavian
Who was the mother of Ascanius (Iulus)?
Creusa
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Ap.?
Appia
Who was censor in 312 BC?
Appius Claudius Caecus
Who commits suicide after Thapsus?
Cato the Younger
All of Alba Longa was destroyed except for what?
the temples
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
What youth spent half a year in the underworld with Persephone and half a year with Aphrodite?
Adonis
Who was the mother of Orestes?
Clytemnestra
Who was the mother of Helenus?
Hecuba
What primordial deity was the god of death?
Thanatos
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mustum?
grape juice
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
Who was the mother of Apollo?
Leto
Who was a co-emperor with Lucius Verus?
Marcus Aurelius
Where did Spartacus start a slave revolt?
Capua
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla “Felix”
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the apodyterium?
dressing room
Give the years for the Roman Empire.
27 BC - 476 AD
Where was Titus Tatius from?
Sabinia
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
Describe the following
Appius Claudius Caecus/Censor
Builder of the Appian Way in 312 BC as well as fist high-level aqueduct, Aqua Appia; Caecus means “the Blind”
Who was the Titan of the moon?
Selene
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 324.
Adrianople and Chrysopolis
When was the Battle of Zela?
47 BC
Who was the first dictator?
Aulus Postumius Albinus
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio’s life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Who was the son of Germanicus who later became emperor?
Caligula
How did Numa Pompilius become king?
He was elected king by the Curiate Assembly, after the death of Romulus.
What king of Thebes was torn apart by his own mother when she was infected with the madness of Dionysus?
Pentheus
Give the year(s) for the reign of Philip I.
244 AD - 249 AD
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
How did Vespasian become emperor?
He seized power with the support of the eastern Legions (in opposition to Vitellius)
Give the year(s) for the reign of Valentinian II.
375 AD - 392 AD
What months did Numa Pompilius add to the calendar?
January and February
What law gave Pompey command over pirates in the Mediterranean, and in what year was it passed?
Lex Gabinia - 67 BC
What year does the First Triumvirate form?
69 BC
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the curriculum?
successfully completed lap
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Ti.?
Tiberia
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patron?
patron
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 207 BC.
Hasdrubal defeated at Battle of Metaurus River
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
What happened to Tarquinius Priscus that meant he would become king?
an eagle took his cap and returned it shortly after
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the pronuba?
matron of honor
What were the job(s) of Hestia?
Home fire, hearth
Give the year(s) for the reign of Majorian.
457 AD - 461 AD
What temple did Caesar build?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
Who was the first western emperor of Rome?
Augustus
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
What man was appointed Praetorian Prefect in 15 AD by the emperor Tiberius?
Lucius Aelius Sejanus
Whose rule ended in 161 AD?
Antoninus Pius
Who was the father of Achilles?
Peleus
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Vulcan
Hephaestus
What battle took place in 66 BC?
Battle of Nicopolis
Vespasian is known for beginning the construction of what famous amphitheater?
Colosseum
Where would you find “Hadrian’s Wall”?
northern England
Fun Fact: He constructed a similar frontier system in Germany.
On what day was Julius Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC
Describe the following
L. Junius Brutus
One of the first consuls of Rome
What was the first defensive wall of Rome called?
the Servian Wall
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
Who was the mother of Jason?
Alcimide
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
Name the Nine Muses:
Clio (history), Melpomene (tragedy), Urania (astronomy), Thalia (comedy), Terpsichore (dance), Calliope (epic poetry), Erato (love poetry), Euterpe (lyric poetry), and Polyhymnia (hymns)
Describe the following
Q. Hortensius (dictator)/ Lex Hortensia
wrote Lex Hortensia to resolve the last secession of the plebs. Lex: all resolutions passed by plebians were binding on all citizens
In a Roman Army, what was/were the sarcina?
soldier’s cloak/blanket
What sea is named after Io?
Ionian Sea
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
Who was the father of Medea?
Aeetes
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
How long was Lucius Verus an emperor?
8 years
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Vespasian.
69 AD - 79 AD
Whose symbols were the Peacock, Cow?
Hera
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 218 BC.
Ticinus River and Trebia River
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
In Roman Culture, what was/were the cloaca maxima?
great sewer
What does Julius Caesar say when passing the Rubicon?
“Alea iacta est”- the die is cast
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
What monster is described here: six-headed monster
Scylla
What did the Lex Canuleia do?
allowed for the intermarriage between the plebeians and the patricians
What great sewer did Tarquinius Superbus construct?
Cloaca Maxima
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 52 BC.
Battle of Gergovia – Vercingetorix (Gaul’s chieftain) defeats Caesar; then Battle of Alesia – Caesar defeats and captures Vercingetorix
What is Viriathus called?
the “first national hero of Portugal”
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Hestia
Vesta
Who was the father of Helen?
Zeus
Who was the father of Castor?
Tyndareus
Who passed the Lex Manilia?
the tribune Gaius Manlius
How did Lucius Verus become emperor?
He was an adopted son and heir of Antoninus Pius
What was Julius Caesar’s relationship to Octavius?
Octavius was his grand-nephew (and adopted son)
Who was the Titan of sight and the shining light of the clear blue sky?
Theia
Who was the Titan of air and the hunter’s skill of stalking prey?
Lelantos
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
Who was the second king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
How many Punic Wars were there?
Three
Which tribune of 121 BC was the brother of Tiberius Gracchus?
Gaius Gracchus
Which god(dess) had the job of Wisdom, war, handicrafts?
Athena
Who was the mother of Phaedra?
Pasiphae
Which dynasty consisted of Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian?
Flavian Dynasty
What were the job(s) of Artemis?
Hunting, moon
In a Roman House, what was/were the imagines?
bust of ancestors, housed in alae
What occurred in 219 BC?
Hannibal besieges Saguntum
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 217 BC.
Romans defeated at Lake Trasimene – though Romans win in a naval battle off the Ebro River
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 86 BC.
Chaeronea and Orchomenus
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the gladiator fights originally for?
funerals
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
What is Cicero rewarded for his speeches against Catiline?
“Pater Patriae”
Describe the following
Horatius Cocles
Cocles=”One-Eyed”; single-handedly fought off the Etruscans on the Pons Sublicius
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Vestal Virgins?
start at age 6 - (30 years) learn job for 10 years, work as Vestal for 10 years, teach for 10 years - keep flame of Vesta burning, keep documents, etc. safe; only man allowed in temple (which is round) is Pontifex Maximus
How did Perseus kill Medusa and escape?
Perseus used the shiny part of his shield to “see” Medusa by her reflection. He killed her with the sword. Perseus put her head in the bag. He wore the helmet of invisibility to escape Medusa’s 2 sister Gorgons and flew off with the winged sandals.
With whom did Romulus co-rule?
Titus Tatius
Give the year(s) for the reign of Licinius I.
308 AD - 324 AD
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
What three brothers did Alba Longa pick to fight Rome?
Curiatii
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated P.?
Publius
What term is given to the emperors over the 50 years which follow the Severan Dynasty?
Barracks Emperors
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Heraclea
In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the lectica?
litter (carried by 4 slaves)
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Mercury
Hermes
Who was consul with Cicero?
Antonius Hybrida
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
There are two gates in the Underworld. Name them.
the gate of ivory and the gate of horn.
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
Who was the Titan of destruction and peace?
Perses
Against what Celtic tribe does Caesar first make war in the first book of the Bellum Gallicum?
Helvetians
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
King Attalus III
What battle took place in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
Who let the Sabines into Rome?
Tarpeia
Who fought at the Battle of Zama, and what was the result?
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal
Who was the mother of Ariadne?
Pasiphae
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Ceres
Demeter
What city did Tullus Hostilius destroy?
Alba Longa
Where did the Battle of Naulochus take place?
off of Sicily
What was Julius Caesar’s relationship to Octavius?
Octavius was his grand-nephew (and adopted son)
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
When was the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
102 BC
How did Vitellius become emperor?
He seized power with support of German Legions (in opposition to Galba/Otho)
Who were the two Roman consuls at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro
Who is the 3rd king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 102.
Sarmizegethusa
Give the year(s) for the reign of Numerian.
283 AD - 284 AD
What did Hera trick Semele into asking of Zeus?
To see him in his full glory (Burn baby burn!)
For how many months does Persephone remain in the Underworld?
4 months
Who did Sextus rape?
Lucretia
Who passed the Lex Gabinia?
the tribune Aulus Gabinius
Who did Tarquinius Priscus marry?
an Etruscan woman named Tanaquil
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
Which dynasty consisted of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero?
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Who is sometimes claimed to be the father of Theseus?
Poseidon
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Ceres
Demeter
What major battle of the Pyrrhic War was considered a “Pyrrhic victory”?
Asculum
Give the year(s) for the reign of Hadrian.
118 AD - 138 AD
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
In Roman Culture, what was/were the vigiles?
firemen/police
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
Who was the mother of Rhadamanthys?
Europa
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
“Carthago delenda est.” (Carthage must be destroyed)
What does Pandora mean?
“gift of all”
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 211 BC.
Hannibal’s march on Rome – defeat of Scipio’s in Spain
What treaty is formed in 49 BC?
Treaty of Brundisium
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the sponsalia?
engagement
When did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet at Luca?
56 BC
What battle takes place in 241 BC?
Battle of Aegates Island
Give the year(s) for the reign of Julian II.
360 AD - 363 AD
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Vulcan
Hephaestus
On what day was the emperor Trajan born?
September 18, 53 AD
In what form did Zeus seduce Aegina, daughter of the river god Asopus?
A flame (I don’t even know what is going through Zeus’s mind right now)
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Vesta
Hestia
Who lead the Romans at Mylae?
Gaius Duilius
Who married Mark Antony?
Octavia (sister of Octavius)
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Into what flower was Hyacinthus changed?
the hyacinth
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
What children did Eurynome bear Zeus?
The Three Graces
Which god(dess) had the job of Love and Beauty?
Aphrodite
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus’ land law?
Marcus Octavius
What did Tarquinius Priscus double the size of?
the equites (cavalry)
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
What did Minos demand from Athens?
7 youths and 7 maidens be sent to him from Athens every 7 years to feed the Minotaur
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
Who was the Titan of the sun and guardian of oaths?
Helios
What was Rome’s enemy Arminius also called?
Herman the German
Who and where did Cincinnatus fight?
Aequi at Mount Algidus
When was the announcement of Hadrian’s official adoption as successor to the imperial throne?
After the death of Trajan in 117 AD
Fun Fact: Hadrian’s promotion to emperor was made difficult as he was disliked by some leading senators: in the process four ex-consuls were killed, accused of plotting against him.
How did the emperor Galba die?
Murdered by Praetorian Guard in coup led by Otho.
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 49 BC.
Caesar crossed Rubicon river with his troops (against orders of the senate) – said, Alea iacta est” the die is cast – start of civil war; then Caesar has his 1st dictatorship
Who killed Tarquinius Priscus?
assassins hired by the sons of Ancus Marcius
Which couple does this describe: She is goddess of Dawn, asks Zeus for immortality for hr lover – forgets to ask for eternal youth – he is turned into a grasshopper.?
Aurora and Tithonus
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
List the 3 Fates and their jobs.
- Clotho (spinner)2. Lachesis (allotter)3. Atropos (cutter of the thread/inevitable)
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
Where did Spartacus start a slave revolt?
Capua
Give the emperor Galba’s full name.
Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus
What did Perseus do with the head of Medusa after turning Polydectes to stone?
gave it to Athena to put on her shield
In what form did Zeus visit Danae to father Perseus?
a shower of gold
During the Torjan War, who was the son of Priam, “stole” Helen, killed Achilles with an arrow (with help of Apollo)
Paris
In what year was the Battle of Mount Algidus?
458 BC
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
Give the emperor Titus’ full name.
Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
When did Claudius’ reign begin and end?
AD 41 - 54
Who is the 2nd king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
Whose rule began in 27 BC?
Augustus
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
Who was the mother of Paris?
Hecuba
Who were the two leaders during the Civil War?
Marius vs. Sulla
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated Vop.?
Vopiscus
What is Mithridates’ massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
What is the name of Collatinus’s wife who was raped by Tarquinius’s son, told the consuls, and then killed herself?
Lucretia
Who was the loser at Naulochus?
Sextus Pompeius (son of Pompey)
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the pileus?
cap of freedom
Whose symbols were the Dove, Rose?
Aphrodite
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
How long was Marcus Aurelius an emperor?
19 years
Who is most responsible for Catiline’s fall?
Cicero
When was Carthage destroyed?
146 BC
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 271.
Placentia
Where and in what year did the members of the First Triumvirate meet to reestablish the First Triumvirate?
Luca (modern day Lucca) in 56 BC
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
Who did Servius Tullius marry?
Tarquinia
Who becomes king of Italy after the removal of Romulus Augustulus in 476 AD?
Odoacer
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 102 BC.
Aquae Sextiae
Who kills Pompey?
the orders of Ptolemy XIII
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
Who was the father of Electra?
Agamemnon
Give the year(s) for the reign of Valentinian III.
424 AD - 455 AD
What bridge, the first bridge across the Tiber, was Ancus Marcius said to have built?
Pons Sublicius
Who ruled from 98 AD - 117 AD?
Trajan
Who succeeded the emperor Otho?
Vitellius
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the plebians/populares?
lower class
What were the symbol(s) of Poseidon?
Trident, Horse
When did Nero’s reign begin and end?
AD 54 - 68
What did Julius Caesar’s five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul allow him to do?
wage his Gallic Wars
What was the 9th of the Twelve Labors?
Obtain the Girdle of the Amazon Queen
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated Q.?
Quintus
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 56 BC.
Morbihan Gulf
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
Who was Tiberius the uncle of?
Germanicus
What did Tarpeia intend to happen, and what actually happened?
she intended to receive their gold bracelets, but was instead crushed by their shields
Whose symbols were the Bow/Arrow, Moon?
Artemis
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
Name the Roman Kings in order.
Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus
Who was the mother of Coriolanus?
Veturia
After he was overthrown, what became of Cronus?
He fled to Italy
What man fought the Etruscans single-handedly on the Pons Sublicius?
Horatius Cocles
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Mare Nostum?
“our sea” - Mediterranea
Which Titan who presided over memory is, in some versions of the story, the mother of Athena?
Mnemosyne
Where was the emperor Galba born?
Near Terracina, Italia
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
Castor and Pollux also became gods. Whom did they protect?
shipwrecked sailors
In a Roman Army, what was/were the pedites?
infantry
Who was the Titan of forethought and crafty counsel?
Prometheus
What oracle did Pelias hear?
that he should beware the man with one shoe
Whose symbols were the Caduceus, Winged Sandals?
Hermes
History isn’t always about battles and war; sometimes it’s laws about love. Name the important law of 445 BC that allowed plebeians and patricians to marry.
Lex Canuleia
Give the year(s) for the reign of Claudius.
41 AD - 54 AD
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
What law gave Pompey command against Mithridates VI, and in what year was it passed?
Lex Manilia - 66 BC
What battle occurred in 321 BC?
Claudine Forks
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 261 BC - 260 BC.
Rome builds naval fleet
When was Caesar’s first dictatorship?
49 BC
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Ser.?
Servia
In a Roman Army, what was/were the imperator?
victorious general
Describe the following
Romulus
First King of Rome; established his city on the Palatine Hill; becomes deified as Quirinus
Whose symbols were the Grape Leaves, Thyrsus (stick with pinecone on top)?
Dionysus
What were the symbol(s) of Persephone?
Pomegranate
What group was Medusa a member?
Gorgons
Who was the mother of Castor?
Leda
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
When was Marius’ last consulship?
86 BC
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Poseidon
Neptune
What war took place from 73-63 BC?
Third Mithridatic War
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
In a Roman Army, what was/were the maniple?
double a century (later dropped in favor of a cohort)
Who was the father of Andromeda?
Cepheus
What governor backed Galba in the Galba vs. Nero debate?
Julius Vindex
Who was the father of Cassandra?
Priam
What nation did Marcus Antonius invade in 36 BC?
Parthia
On what day did the emperor Titus die?
September 13, 81 AD
What is the exact date of Rome’s founding?
April 21, 753 BC
What were the symbol(s) of Zeus?
Thunderbolt, eagle
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
Name the members, in order, of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty.
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
Which god(dess) had the job of Wine, life giving fluids?
Dionysus
What battle took place in 249 BC?
Battle of Drepana
What Armenian king did Lucullus defeat at the Battle of Tigranocerta?
Tigranes the Great
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
What building, consecrated in 9 BC, celebrates Augustus’ victories in Spain and Gaul?
Ara Pacis
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
Who was the winner at Naulochus?
Marcus Agrippa, famous general of Octavian
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
What conflict occurs in Rome in 63 BC?
Conspiracy of Catiline
In a Roman House, what was/were the atrium?
entry hallway/large meeting room
Who was the mother of Cassandra?
Hecuba
What happens at Pharsalus?
Caesar decisively defeats Pompey
Who killed Caesar?
a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
Whose symbols were the Forge, Anvil?
Hephaestus
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
Name the 5 significant events of 63 BC.
Octavian was born, Julius Caesar becomes Pontifex Maximus, Cicero is consul, the conspiracy of Catiline occurs, and Mithridates VI dies.
Who was Numa Pompilius’ lover?
the nymph Egeria
Who was the father of Rhadamanthys?
Zeus
Of the four emperors of 69 AD, whose rule was the shortest?
Otho’s
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
Who beat who at the battle of Pydna?
Roman Aemilius Paulus defeats Perseus of Macedon
When was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
Who was the Titan of water-meadows and pasturelands?
Eurynome
What happened to Heracles when he put on the cloak?
He caught on fire
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
Name the five major events that happened in 63 BC.
1) Octavian born; 2) Julius Caesar becomes Pontifex Maximus; 3) Cicero consul (with Antonius Hybrida); 4) conspiracy of Catiline; 5) Mithridates dies
What did the oracle instruct Heracles to do?
change his name to Heracles and go to his cousin Eurytheus to do the 12 Labors
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
Give the year(s) for the reign of Constantius I Chlorus.
305 AD - 306 AD
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
What was the first bridge across the Tiber river?
Pons Sublicius
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
Give the year(s) for the reign of Otho.
69 AD
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the “shield of Rome”
Who was Zeus’s third wife?
Eurynome
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
Who was the maternal grandfather of Romulus and Remus?
Numitor
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
How many forms of government were there throughout Rome’s history?
Three
Who was sacrificed to Cetus in order that it not demolish the whole city?
Andromeda
Who was the mother of Aeneas?
Aphrodite
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Mercury
Hermes
What happens at the triumvirs’ meeting at Luca?
Caesar’s command is extended for 5 more years
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
Where did Marius defeat the Teutones in 102 BC?
Aquae Sextiae
What does Augustus use to make Antony look bad?
propaganda
Who took Iolcus from Aeson?
Aeson’s brother Pelias
Between what two regions did Hadrian place a wall?
Britain and Scotland
Which god(dess) had the job of War?
Ares
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
Where was Caesar killed?
at the foot of the statue of Pompey
Who was the mother of Heracles?
Alcmene
When does Mithridates die?
63 BC
Who was the mother of Dionysus?
Semele
What battle occurred in 256 BC?
Ecnomus
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
Give the year(s) for the reign of Nerva.
96 AD - 98 AD
Name the 9 Muses and their fields.
Melpomene - tragedy, Thalia - comedy, Polyhymnia - songs to the gods, Terpsichore - dance, Clio - history, Urania - astronomy, Erato - love poetry, Calliope - epic poetry, and Euterpe - lyric poetry.
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Give the date of Julius Caesar’s birth.
July 12, 100 BC
Who was the third king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
Who had command against Mithridates for the first part of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Which of his children did Uranus bury in the earth?
the hecatoncheires
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
After the Battle of Actium, what significant event had been achieved?
Octavian has the only army in the Mediterranean
Which king of Rome was also known as, “The Proud”?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Pro.?
Procula
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cohort?
6 times a century
Who was the mother of Astyanax?
Andromache
When was Julius Caesar consul?
59 BC
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Venus
Aphrodite
What were the job(s) of Hera?
Queen, marriage
During the Torjan War, who thought up wooden horse; King of Ithaka, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus; took 10 years to return home from Trojan War.
Odysseus
What town did Rome capture in 340 BC?
Antium
Which god(dess) had the job of Sea, earthquakes, horses?
Poseidon
Give the dates of Marcus Aurelius’ reign.
March 7, 161 AD – March 17, 180 AD
In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place?
275 BC
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
What year was the Battle of Zela?
47 BC
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
Give the alleged years of king Numa Pompilius’ reign.
717 BC - 673 BC
Which king of Rome divided the citizens into classes based on wealth, established the cult of Diana at Rome, and conducted the first census?
Servius Tullius
What occurred in 230 BC?
Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar in Spain
Who was the father of Deucalion?
Prometheus
Whose symbols were the Trident, Horse?
Poseidon
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the equites?
business class
When was Marius’ last consulship?
86 BC
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
Who was the father of Medea?
Aeetes
In the civil war between Marius and Sulla, what side did each take?
Marius - populares; Sulla - optimates
Who did Marius defeat at Vercellae?
Cimbri
Give the dates of Titus’ reign.
June 24, 79 AD – September 13, 81 AD
Where was Tiberius in exile first to?
Rhodes
What nymphs of springs were the Roman equivalent to the Muses?
Camenae
How were Claudius and Caligula related?
Claudius was Caligula’s uncle
Give the year(s) for the reign of Maximian.
286 AD - 305 AD
Who was the mother of Polydeuces?
Leda
Who was the father of Minos?
Zeus
What act of Caesar ignited the civil war?
crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC
What competent general was the nephew of Tiberius?
Germanicus
Who was the Titan of the mastery of the seas?
Eurybia
On what day did the emperor Antoninus Pius die?
March 7, 161 AD
Who was the father of Odysseus?
Laertes
Describe the following
Tarquinius Superbus
Seventh King of Rome; Superbus = “The Proud”; Finished construction of Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; His son, Sextus, led to the fall of the Monarchy because he raped a woman by the name of Lucretia
What was the result of Sulla’s command transferring to Marius?
Sulla’s first march on Rome
Describe the following
Lake Trasimene
Battle in 217 BC during the Second Punic War; Romans lose to Carthaginians
Which god(dess) had the job of Underworld, wealth?
Hades
What were the symbol(s) of Artemis?
Bow/Arrow, Moon
Give the year(s) for the reign of Hostilian.
251 AD
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Heraclea
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Pluto, Dis
Hades
What was Sulla’s most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Samnites?
oblong shield, visored helmet, sword.
Who succeeded the emperor Trajan?
Hadrian
Who was the father of Artemis?
Zeus
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
What battles occur in 218 BC?
Ticinus River and Trebia River(Rome loses both)
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the deductio?
procession of wedding party to forum
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
Which Titan was an elder Titan, who in some versions of the myth ruled the Earth with his consort Eurynome before Cronus overthrew him?
Ophion
Which king is said to have drained the Forum and begun work on the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Priscus
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
What did Pompey get from the First Triumvirate?
land for his veterans
What was Heracles’ birth name?
Alcides
Who was the mother of Hermes?
Maia
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated T.?
Titia
Give the years of the Flavian Dynasty.
69 AD - 96 AD
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
“Carthago delenda est.” (Carthage must be destroyed)
Who were the winners at Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa
How did Claudius become emperor?
He was the nephew of Tiberius, brother of Germanicus and uncle of Caligula; proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard.
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 394.
River Frigidus
What were the two “positions”of the tetrarchy?
Augusti (Upper) and Caesars (Lower)
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
What battle takes place in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
When do Crassus and Pompey hold the consulship for the second time?
55 BC
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
Give the year(s) for the reign of Libius Severus.
461 AD - 465 AD
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
Who was Rome’s first plebeian censor?
Gaius Marcius Rutilus
Who was the wife of Coriolanus?
Volumnia
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the “sword of Rome”
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
How did Brutus and Cassius die?
they kill themselves
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Lares?
household gods
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 217 BC.
Lake Trasimene
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the “shield of Rome”
What were the symbol(s) of Hephaestus?
Forge, Anvil
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
What happens at the triumvirs’ meeting at Luca?
Caesar’s command is extended for 5 more years
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
When was Hasdrubal defeated?
207 BC
In a Roman Army, what was/were the equites?
cavalry
Give the year(s) for the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
161 AD - 180 AD
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
Whose rule ended in 138 AD?
Hadrian
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
Who put his own face on coins?
Julius Caesar
Name the members, in order, of the Severan Dynasty.
Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Macrinus, Elagabalus, and Severus Alexander
What temple did Numa Pompilius found?
Temple of Janus
Who was Romulus’s wife?
Hersilia
What primordial deity was the goddess of inevitability, compulsion, and necessity?
Ananke
Describe the following
Drepanum
Battle in 249 BC during the First Punic War; Roman defeat; before battle Claudius Pulcher threw sacred chickens overboard, thus ensuring their defeat
Who was the second emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Tiberius
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Essedarii?
rode chariots with 2 horses.
What did Sulla’s second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
Give the year(s) for the reign of Quintillus.
270 AD
What was the First Triumvirate?
a powerful political alliance
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Ares
Mars
Who was the Samnite leader at Sentinum?
Gellius Egnatius
How long was Galba an emperor?
7 Months
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
What was Rome’s first naval victory?
Mylae
Who did the Romans have to face at Teutoburg Forest?
Arminius
During whose reign did the Romans capture Ctesiphon in 164 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga praetexta?
worn by boys under 16 and magistrates (with purple stripe)
Give the year(s) for the reign of Valens.
364 AD - 378 AD
Whose rule began in 81 AD?
Domitian
Who convinced the plebs to return form succession?
Menenius Agrippa
What did the Romans take from Antium?
rostra (prows of enemy ships)
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 280 BC.
Heraclea
How many Roman Kings were there?
Seven
When was the second triumvirate?
43 BC
Who is the first bandit Theseus faced?
Periphetes
When did the Republic end?
27 BC
Which queen earned the Romans’ enmity when she refused to cease the state-sponsorship of piracy in the Adriatic sea?
Teuta
Who was the mother of Theseus?
Aethra
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cassis?
helmet (originally only made of metal)
Who won the Battle of Munda?
Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey
What law of 445 B.C. legalized marriages between Plebeians and Patricians?
Lex Canuleia
How was Nero related to Claudius?
Nero was the step son of Claudius
What probably happened to Romulus?
the senators probably killed him
How was Clodius Pulcher killed?
in a gang fight against his rival, Milo
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the gustatio, promulsis, antecena?
appetizer
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
In what school of philosophy did Seneca follow?
Stoicism
What dynasty did Vespasian found?
Flavian Dynasty
What occurred at the Battle of Zela?
Caesar beat king Pharnaces
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
How does Tullus Hostilius die?
his house is struck by lightning (he does in the fire)
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
What monster is described here: whirpool
Charybdis
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
What is family name of the Roman emperor Trajan?
Ulpius
Fun Fact: The Ulpius family was the family of the emperor Trajan.
Where does Carthage get the silver to pay Rome did the huge war debt they owed?
the Iberian Peninsula
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the venationes?
hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts.
Who was the mother of Jason?
Alcimide
How did Claudius come to be placed in the emperorship?
Praetorian Guard chose him
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
Who defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrachium?
Pompey
How did Servius Tullius become king?
He was the son-in-law of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus; seized the kingship after his assassination.
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the fibula?
broach, pin
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
What did the Lex Manilia do?
gave Pompey command against Mithridates
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
What battle took place in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
Who was the father of Jason?
Aeson
What was the 12th of the Twelve Labors?
Capture Cerberus
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen “cunctator”?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
What legislation did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to pass?
Agrarian (land) reform
Describe the following
Horatii & Curiatii
Two sets of triplets who fought during the reign of Tullus Hostilius; Horatii=Roman, Curiatii=Alba Longan; Horatii win
Who was the child of Zeus and Demeter?
Persephone
The Battle of Sentinum was the decisive battle in which of the Samnite wars?
The Third Samnite War
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Vesta
Hestia
Who eventually stopped the fighting between the Romans and Sabines?
Hersilia
What occurred in 206 BC
Battle of Ilipa
Which young emperor did Stilico serve as general?
Honorius
Which king of Mauretania betrayed Jugurtha to the Romans in 105 BC?
Bocchus (I)
Who was the Samnite chieftain at Caudine Forks?
Gavius Pontius
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
What were the job(s) of Zeus?
King, weather
Who became tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
Once deified, who did Heracles marry?
Hebe (goddess of youth and daughter of Hera
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 410.
Sack of Rome
Who was the mother of Menelaus?
Aerope
Of the two sons of Vespasian, which was more known as a cruel ruler?
Domitian
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
Give the dates of Augustus’ reign.
January 16, 27 BC - August 19, 14 AD
What government building did Tullus Hostilius build the first of?
the Curia Hostilia (the first senate house)
Who was the Titan of intellect?
Coeus
Who was king of Alba Longa whilst Tullius Hostilius was king?
Mettius Fufetius
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
What was the 3rd of the Twelve Labors?
Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Pater familias?
head of family
Caudine Forks (321 BC) and Lautulae (315 BC) were the two most notable Roman defeats in which war?
2nd Samnite War
What story did Hermes tell Argus to lull him to sleep?
The love story of Pan and Syrinx
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
What did Hera put on a peacock feather in honor of Argus?
An eye
Describe the following
Heraclea
First battle of Pyrrhic War in 280 BC
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Retiarii?
lightly clad, armed with a net and trident. Usually fought Myrmillones or Secutores.
Who succeeded the emperor Nero?
Galba
Which god(dess) had the job of Blacksmith?
Hephaestus
When was the second consulship of Crassus and Pompey?
55 BC
In Roman Religion, what was/were the haruspex?
checks guts of animals for omens (2 hearts are bad…)
Give Nero’s full original name.
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Who succeeded the emperor Claudius?
Nero
Where did the Plebs succeed to and threaten to build a new town?
the Mons Sacer (Aventine Hill)
Who sprangs from the severed head of Medusa?
Pegasus and Chrysaor
On the way back to Seriphos, where did Perseus pass?
Ethiopia
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Thracians?
small round shield, curved scimitar.
Who was punished in the Undeworld with eternal hunger and thirst?
Tantalus
What did Caesar say while he famously crossed the Rubicon River, and what does it mean?
Alea iacta est - the die is cast
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
While Trajan’s campaigns in Dacia are certainly more famous, which earlier emperor also fought against the Dacians?
Domitian
When does Mithridates die?
63 BC
What primordial deity was the goddess of night?
Nyx or Night
Which emperor celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Rome’s foundation?
Philip the Arab
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 46 BC.
Caesar made dictator for 10 years – won battle of Thapsus
Who succeeded the emperor Titus?
Domitian
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
What is the name of the Etruscan king who fought the Romans in the early republic?
Lars Porsenna
On which bridge did Horatius single-handedly fight an Etruscan army?
Pons Sublicius (Sublician Bridge)
Who was the first woman in Greek mythology?
Pandora
Who was the Titan of female fertility, motherhood, and generation?
Rhea
What was unusual about Argus?
He had 100 eyes and never closed all of them at once.
Where did the Battle of Naulochus take place?
off of Sicily
What were established in 451-450 BC?
Laws of the Twelve Tables
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
What occurred in 250 BC?
Romans win at Panormus; siege of Lilybaeum
Who was the father of Perseus?
Zeus
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
When was Marius’ last consulship?
86 BC
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won’t go north of the Ebro River in Spain
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 217.
Nisibis-no winner / drawn battle
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the ova et delphines?
eggs and dolphins (wood or bronze) used as lap counters
The generals Suetonius Paulinus and Aulus Plautius conquered provinces for which Julio-Claudian emperor?
Claudius
Who were the members of the second triumvirate?
Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
Who were Romulus and Remus raised by?
Faustulus the shepard
On what day was the emperor Domitian born?
October 24, 51 AD
What two things were Camillus proclaimed to be after his events with Brennus?
“Pater Patriae” and “Second Founder of Rome”
Who succeeded the emperor Nerva?
Trajan
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Neptune
Poseidon
What man was prophesized to become king of Rome after his head burst into flames?
Servius Tullius
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 58 BC.
Bibracte and Plain of Alsace
In a Roman Army, what was/were the gladius?
sword
What god of wine is not one of the twelve Olympians?
Dionysus
In a Roman Army, what was/were the scorpio?
dart thrower (standing crossbow used by one man)
How was Sulpicianus related to Pertinax, the predecessor to Didius Julianus?
Sulpicianus was Pertinax’ father-in-law
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the usus?
common law marriage
Where did Tarquinius Superbus flee to?
the Etruscan cities
What battle took place in 315 BC?
Lautulae
Which king, who (according to tradition) ruled Rome between 715 and 673 BC, is also said to have established the cult of Vesta and other religious matters?
Numa (Pompilius)
How many members were on Severus Alexander’s council in order to help him rule?
Sixteen
What was Nero’s real name?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Where was the emperor Trajan born?
Italica, Hispania Baetica
The sons of Tarquinius Superbus, Titus and Tiberius, were part of what group?
a rebellion within Rome that tried to reinstall Tarquinius Superbus as king
Who was the father of Menelaus?
Atreus
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patria potestas?
power (of life and death in early times) of paterfamilias over family
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
How did Nero die?
He committed suicide
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
What happened to the sons of Tarquinius Superbus that rebelled?
executed
Who was the fifth king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
Why did Collatinus step down?
because his family name was “Tarquinius”
Who defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrachium?
Pompey
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 206 BC.
Ilipa
Name the 3 fates and the job of each.
Clotho - spun thread of human life
Lachesis - twisted and measured the thread
Atropos - cut the thread of human life
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
Where is Cicero killed?
Formiae
Where did Publicola end up building his house?
the foot of the Velian Hill
What did Sulla’s second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
Who was the father of Apollo?
Zeus
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
Whose rule began in 79 AD?
Titus
Who defeated the Cimbri at Vercellae in 101 BC?
Marius
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
What event allowed Nero to begin a large construction project?
a great fire in 64 AD
Who had command against Mithridates for the first part of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Sex.?
Sexta
What is the meaning of the name “Scaevola”?
Lefty
Who did the Mamertines ask for help to fight the Syracusans?
Carthage
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated Mam.?
Mamercus
Describe the following
Beneventum
Final battle of the Pyrrhic War in 275 BC; Rome wins
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
Who was Callisto’s son?
Arcas
On what day did the emperor Augustus die?
August 19, 14 AD
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the stola?
women’s dress
What Caesar of the Tetrarchy did Constantine join on campaign against the Persians in Mesopotamia?
Galerius
What Roman general sacked Numantia in 133 B.C.?
Scipio Aemilianus
In a Roman Army, what was/were the vexillum?
flag
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla “Felix”
What was one major difference between Romulus and Numa Pompilius?
Numa was not warlike
What was the result of Sulla’s command transferring to Marius?
Sulla’s first march on Rome
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
Which of Marian’s proconsuls of Hispania held out against Sulla’s forces until 72 BC?
Sertorius
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Demeter
Ceres
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
Name the emperors of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty in order.
Augustus, TIberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Hoplomachi?
full-armed with a breast-plate and visored helmet.
What battle takes place in 47 BC?
Battle of Zela
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
When did the Third Punic War begin?
149 BC
What man fought Etruscans at Sublician Bridge (Pons Sublicius)?
Horatius Cocles
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 133 BC.
Numantia
Who was dictator the year before the Battle of Cannae?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
Name the members of the First Triumvirate and the year it begins.
Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar; 60 BC
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Describe the following
Xanthippus
Spartan mercenary who the Carthaginians hire during the First Punic War
What town near Rome did Camillus defeat?
Veii
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
When was Carthage captured?
147 BC
Who were the two children of Chaos?
Erebus and Night
Give the years for the Third Punic War.
149 BC - 146 BC
Where was Septimius Severus born?
Lepcis Magna (Libya)
Give the year(s) for the reign of Antoninus Pius.
138 AD - 161 AD
Who was Father Heaven?
Ouranos (Uranus)
What woman tricked Zeus into making her eternally a virgin?
Sinope
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated F.?
Fausta
Name and describe the event(s) about the life of Julius Caesar that occurred in 45 BC.
Caesar defeats sons of Pompey at Munda (Spain)
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
How many times was Publicola consul?
4
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
What did Heracles do after he killed his wife and children?
went to the oracle at Delphi
Between what years was Sulla dictator?
81 BC - 79 BC
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the hypocausta?
furnace
Who was the child of Agrippina the Younger?
Nero
Describe the tragedy of the Battle of Teutoberg Forest.
in 9 AD, 9 Varus loses three legions in Germany at the battle.
How did Tarquinius Superbus become king?
He was the son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus; seized the kingship after the assassination of Servius Tullius.
What is Cato the Younger called after committing suicide?
Cato Uticensis
Who was the father of Sarpedon?
Zeus
When does the Second Punic War begin?
218 BC
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
What did Sulla’s second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
How did Augustus become emperor?
He became de facto emperor as a result of the ‘first settlement’ between himself and the Roman Senate.
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
Give the dates of Trajan’s reign.
January 28, 98 AD – August 7, 117 AD
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
Who was the Titan of good counsel, advice, planning, cunning, craftiness, and wisdom?
Metis
When was Caesar born?
July 12, 100 BC
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Apollo
Apollo
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
Describe the following
M. Furius Camillus
“Second Founder of Rome”; captures Veii in 396 BC
Where was the naval defeat in 249 BC located?
Drepanum
What Numidian ally of Rome aided Scipio Africanus during his African campaign and was made king of Numidia following Carthage’s defeat at Zama in 202 BC?
Massinissa
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
What were the symbol(s) of Ares?
Spear, Dog, Vulture
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the cena?
dinner
Who was the Roman leader at the Battle of Beneventum?
Curius Dentatus
Through another marriage, who was the son of Agrippina the Younger?
Nero
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
Who was the father of Phaedra?
Minos
What were the hecatoncheires?
giants with a hundred hands and 50 heads, children of Uranus and Gaea
Whose rule began in 96 AD?
Nerva
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 166.
Ctesiphon/Seleucia
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
Name and describe the event(s) about the Second Punic War that occurred in 202 BC.
Scipio defeats Hannibal at the Battle of Zama (in Africa)
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
Which king of Rome built the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Superbus
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
What were the job(s) of Hephaestus?
Blacksmith
Who defended the Pons Sublicius against the Etruscans?
Horatius Cocles
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
Who passed the Lex Gabinia?
the tribune Aulus Gabinius
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
Who was the daughter of Acrisius?
Danae
What was Rome’s first province?
Sicily
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
When and where did Marius fight the Cimbri?
Vercellae in 101 BC
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
What aspect to Rome’s military was constructed directly due to the First Punic War?
Their navy
What unique characteristic did Egeria possess?
She was supposedly a nymph
Who lost the Battle of Cape Ecnomus?
the Carthaginians
Who was the Titan of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning?
Aura
Name the two sons of Vespasian.
Titus and Domitian
When was Caesar’s first consulship?
59 BC
By what year had both Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus been defeated by Septimius Severus?
197 AD
Who was the goddess of witchcraft and the dark side of the moon?
Hecate
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
What were the job(s) of Dionysus?
Wine, life giving fluids
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
What battle occurred in 496 BC?
Lake Regillus
When do Crassus and Pompey hold the consulship for the second time?
55 BC
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the garum, liquamen?
fish sauce
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
Who was the first king of Rome?
Romulus
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
What masculine praenomen was abbreviated M.?
Marcus
Who built the Pons Sublicius?
Ancus Marcius
Who were the 2 sister Gorgons of Medusa?
Euryale and Stheno
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Hermes
Mercury
Who returned to Alba Longa to reclaim the throne for Amulius?
Romulus and Remus
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
Name the emperors of the Severan Dynasty in order.
Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Macrinas, Elagabalus, and Severus Alexander
What occurred in 42 BC?
Antony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus at Philippi
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Zeus
Jupiter, Jove
Who was the brother of Medea who she kills in order to escape with Jason?
Absyrtus
Describe the following
Regulus
Roman commander during the First Punic War; was captured by Carthaginians; they asked him return to Rome, tell Rome to stop fighting, and come back to be executed; Regulus did everything except tell Rome to stop fighting, he instead encouraged them to keep on fighting
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 211 BC.
Syracuse
What famous quote did Brennus say, and what does it translate to in English?
Vae Victis - “Woe to the conquered”
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 451.
Campi Catalaunii
What is the name of the ship that Jason and his crew sail in?
the Argo
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 268.
Lake Benacus (Lake Garda), Mediolanum, and Naissus
In Roman Culture, what was/were the basilica?
law court
Give the year(s) for the reign of Domitian.
81 - 96 AD
What position did Macrinus hold before becoming emperor?
Praetorian Prefect
What battle occurred in 36 BC?
Battle of Naulochus
Who led the Gauls against Rome at Allia River?
the Senonian chieftain Brennus
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 48 BC.
Dyrrhachium and Pharsalus
Who was the father of Agamemnon?
Atreus
What city was Lars Porsenna king of?
Clusium
What law was passed in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
Which Roman god was considered a strengthener of cattle?
Pales
Where was Caesar’s most famous military campaign?
Gaul (and Britain)
What did King Attalus III bequeath to Rome?
Pergamum
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga virilis?
all white - worn by men over 1
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
Who was the father of Sarpedon?
Zeus
Describe the following
Syphax
Numidian king who assisted Carthaginians during Second Punic War
Who did the Romans fight against in the Punic Wars?
Carthage
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
What battle occurs in 295 BC?
Battle of Sentinum
What man defeated the Veii, was later exiled, then finally, when he helped rid Rome of the Gauls, was called pater patriae?
Camillus
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
How long did it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean of pirates and in what year?
3 months in 66 BC
On what day was the emperor Marcus Aurelius born?
April 26, 121 AD
Name Rome’s three forms of government, in order.
Monarchy, Republic, and Empire
In Roman Names, what was/were the praenomen?
first name
Who was the mother of Aphrodite?
Dione (titaness of vague origins)
On what day did the emperor Lucius Verus die?
March 169 AD
How long did it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean of pirates and in what year?
3 months in 66 BC
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
On what day did the emperor Otho die?
April 16, 69 AD
What battle took place in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
List the 3 Graces and their jobs.
- Aglaia (Beauty)2. Euphrosyne (Mirth)3. Thalia (Good Cheer)
Who is the mother of the “Gracchi Brothers”?
Cornelia
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
Who was the father of Menelaus?
Atreus
Which god is sometimes called “Dis”?
Pluto
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 16.
Idistaviso
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
When was the first consulship of Crassus and Pompey?
70 BC
How many Roman kings were there?
seven
What does Julius Caesar say when passing the Rubicon?
“Alea iacta est”- the die is cast
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
During the Torjan War, who was the wife of Priam; mother of Hector, Priam, Cassandra, Helenus and others
Hecuba
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
At what battle was Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal, killed?
Metaurus River
Who did Marius defeat at the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BC?
Cimbri
Who is the 7th king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
Who was consul seven times?
Marius
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 275 BC.
Beneventum
Who was the chief of the Decemviri?
Appius Claudius Crassus
What happens to the Romans at Caudine Forks?
They are trapped under a mountain pass and forced to pass under a yoke
What does Rome Capture in 254 BC?
Panormus
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 313.
Campus Serenus
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
How did Pyrrhus die?
in a street fight when a woman throws a roof tile on his head
What was the first battle of the First Punic War?
Battle of Agrigentum
Who was the First Triumvirate between?
Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey the Great
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
Who was the fourth emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Claudius
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
What temple did Caesar build?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
Who succeeded the emperor Augustus?
Tiberius
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus’ land law?
Marcus Octavius
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
How did the gods voice their displeasure at Tullus Hostilius’ ignoring of religion?
through a shower of stones on the Alban Mountain and voices insulting the Albans for abandoning their ways
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated Oct.?
Octavia
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
What war takes place from 49-45 BC?
Civil War of Caesar
What were the symbol(s) of Athena?
Owl, Olive, Helmet
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
Who won the Battle of Zela?
Caesar defeats Pharnaces
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the lanista?
gladiator trainer.
Give the Roman counterpart(s) for the Greek god(dess) Poseidon
Neptune
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
Where did Marius defeat the Cimbri in 101 BC?
Vercellae
What did Sulla’s second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
Whose symbols were the Sun, Oracle at Delphi, Lyre?
Apollo
Who ruled from 96 AD - 98 AD?
Nerva
In a Roman Army, what was/were the dux?
general
Name and describe the event(s) about the First Punic War that occurred in 260 BC.
Battle of Mylae - Rome’s first naval victory - Duilius is the admiral
Where was Mithridates king?
Pontus
Which god(dess) had the job of Hunting, moon?
Artemis
Which god(dess) had the job of Queen, marriage?
Hera
What primordial deity was the spirit of the sea?
Thalassa
Whose rule began in 37 AD?
Caligula
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
Who eventually subdued Spartacus’ revolt?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
When was the Battle of Vercellae?
101 BC
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
Name the emperors of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty in order.
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
Give the years for the reign of the emperor Tiberius.
14 AD - 37 AD
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the bulla?
child’s good luck charm
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
Who was the father of Castor?
Tyndareus
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
Whose symbols were the Spear, Dog, Vulture?
Ares
What were the symbol(s) of Demeter?
Stalk of Wheat
What feminine praenomen was abbreviated P.?
Publia
Who raised Romulus?
Faustulus
Who was Androgeos the son of?
Minos
Name the battle(s) that occurred in AD 9.
Teutoburg Forest
On what day was the emperor Titus born?
December 30, 39 AD
Who was the mother of Polydeuces?
Leda
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
What was the 5th of the Twelve Labors?
Clean the Augean stables in a single day
Who/what were the Sirens?
creatures with beautiful voices who lured sailors to their death
Give two other names for the Furies.
Erinyes/Eumenides
Who were the winners at Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa
Who were the Romans defeated by at Bagradas Valley?
Xanthippus, the Spartan mercenary
Give the Greek counterpart for the Roman god(dess) Apollo
Apollo
Which group consisted of Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian?
Year of Four Emperors
In what years was Caesar a dictator?
49, 48, and 46 BC
Describe the following
Tullia
Daughter of Servius Tullius who murdered her first husband, married Tarquinius Superbus, and then helped Superbus murder her father
Which man’s rise to the imperial throne in the third century AD was facilitated by his grandmother Julia Maesa and his mother, Julia Soaemias?
Elagabalus
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 241 BC.
Aegates Islands
How did Galba become emperor?
He seized power after Nero’s suicide, with support of the Spanish legions
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
Name the battle(s) that occurred in 69 BC.
Tigranocerta
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he’s not the only one but one of the most famous)
When was Julius Caesar quaestor?
69 BC
Describe the following
Servius Tullius
Sixth King of Rome; son of slave woman Ocrisia; his hair appeared to burn without harming him; Tanaquil sees omen and declares him Priscus’ successor; built a wall around Rome (Servian Wall) and a Temple of Diana on the Aventine
What did Tarquinius Priscus begin construction on after draining the forum?
the Circus Maximus
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
Who were the winners at Philippi?
Octavian and Mark Antony
In a Roman Army, what was/were the ballista?
dart or stone throwing siege engine, larger than a scorpio
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
In a Roman Army, what was/were the galea?
helmet (originally only made of leather)
In what two years are Pompey and Crassus consuls?
70 BC and 55 BC
What were the job(s) of Athena?
Wisdom, war, handicrafts
When did the monarchy end?
510 BC
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
“Carthago delenda est.” (Carthage must be destroyed)
Name Rome’s three different governments in order.
Monarchy, Republic, and Empire
What was Rome divided into by the census?
5 classes
Give the year(s) for the reign of Pupienus.
238 AD
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
War with Spartacus
Whose rule ended in 79 AD?
Vespasian
