Culture

Question 1

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 1

language influences cognition

Question 2

Formal norms

Answer 2

laws; professional certification requirements

Question 3

Taboos

Answer 3

vehemently prohibited behaviour: incest

Question 4

Mores

Answer 4

reflect our most cherished principles: child labour

Question 5

Informal norms

Answer 5

give up bus seat to elderly person, queue in hall until classroom is empty; face doors in elevator

Question 6

Folkways

Answer 6

questioning/not your instructor- cultural differences

Question 7

Sanctions

Answer 7

Rewards and penalties for conduct

Question 8

Discourse

Answer 8

refers to the way we conceptualize and talk about an issue

Question 9

Subculture

Answer 9

A group that shares the cultural elements of the larger society but also has its own distinctive values, beliefs, norms, style of dress, and behaviour patterns

Question 10

Counterculture

Answer 10

a subculture that rejects conventional norms and values and adopts alternative ones

Question 11

Culture capital

Answer 11

body of knowledge and social skills that help people get ahead socially. Cultural capital often includes learning about and taking part in high culture.

Question 12

Social capital

Answer 12

include resources (both economic and noneconomic) that one gains from being part of a network of social relationships

Question 13

Cultural literacy

Answer 13

enough general knowledge of a society’s popular culture that allows one to communicate effectively with an adult member of that society

Question 14

Globalization

Answer 14

increased flow of goods, services and information beyond state boundaries

Question 15

Cultural lag

Answer 15

non-material culture struggles to keep up with material culture

Question 16

Cultural imperialism

Answer 16

global dominance of American culture

Question 17

Durkheim

Answer 17

emphasized integrative ability of culture
e.g., religion in culture

Question 18

Marxist

Answer 18

culture determined by political-economic structure

Question 19

Neo-Marxist

Answer 19

capitalism is accompanied by a dominant ideology which serves to legitimate it

-culture can be manipulated by dominant groups and employed to maintain hegemony

Question 20

Hegemony

Answer 20

a set of relatively non-coercive methods of maintaining power used by the dominant class (e.g., through the media or legal system)

Question 21

Cultural hegemony

Answer 21

the domination of the masses by prevailing ideas and cultural forms important to smaller but more dominant groups in society

Question 22

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirt of Capitalism

Answer 22

Protestant Germany much more economically successful than Catholic Germany

Question 23

Dramaturgical Perspective

Answer 23

Erving Goffman

like actors, we perform a role based on cultural script in our interactions with others

we manage impressions of ourselves on the front stage and our real selves are on back stage