culture

Question 1

what is sociology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of society and human behaviour

Question 2

what is society?

Answer 2

a group of people who share a culture and live more or less together

Question 3

who coined the term sociology?

Answer 3

August’s Comte

Question 4

what is material culture?

Answer 4

the physical things people create

Question 5

what is non-materialistic culture?

Answer 5

the ideas people share

Question 6

what is social construction?

Answer 6

any idea that is created and given meaning by people

Question 7

what are collectivist cultures?/what do they do

Answer 7

they emphasise the importance of living as a group

Question 8

what are individualistic cultures?

Answer 8

emphasise personal freedom and choice

Question 9

how do we learn culture?

Answer 9

formally- institution

informally- relative

Question 10

what are sanctions/what do they do?

Answer 10

they are positive or negative reactions

they help establish social control

Question 11

what are ‘norms’

Answer 11

social expectations

Question 12

what are values?

Answer 12

things we regard as important

Question 13

what is the sociological perspective ?

Answer 13

the view that our social backgrounds influence are attitudes and behaviours

Question 14

who coined the term ‘sociological imagination’?

Answer 14

C. Wright Mills

Question 15

what is empiricism?

Answer 15

a theory stating that knowledge comes from sensory experience

Question 16

What is nativism?

Answer 16

The extreme argument that the social characteristics of people have arisen through evolution

Question 17

What are mores?

Answer 17

Ways of behaving that are seen as moral (good)

Question 18

What is formal control?

Answer 18

The process where people are deliberately and consciously manipulated to ensure they learn to follow certain rules

Question 19

What informal control?

Answer 19

People learn what is seen as acceptable behaviour and their own place in society

Question 20

What are deviants?

Answer 20

People who break moral codes

Question 21

Hoe do we learn our culture?

Answer 21

Through socialisation
~primary socialisation
~secondary socialisation

Question 22

What are roles?

Answer 22

Parts that we play in our life’s they are determined by expectations of behaviour

Question 23

What is a sub-culture?

Answer 23

A category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs values and/or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture

Question 24

What is counter culture?

Answer 24

A group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles

Question 25

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 25

Broadly defined as an attitude whereby you judge other societies by the standards that apply your society

Question 26

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 26

The belief that the behaviours and customs of an culture must be viewed and analysed by the culture’s own standards

Question 27

What is primary socialisation?

Answer 27

The child learns from their family in the home

Question 28

What is secondary socialisation?

Answer 28

The child learns what wider society expects of its members ( generally outside the home)

Question 29

What is tertiary socialisation?

Answer 29

This is adult socialisation and takes place when people need to adapt to new situations. Eg being a parent