Cultural Anthropology Final

Question 1

More than half of all people in the world get by on less than $2 per day. T/F?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Among non-Western peoples, _____ are treated with respect as “living libraries”

Answer 2

elders

Question 3

Two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together into a large domestic group is an ____________ family.

Answer 3

Extended

Question 4

Phratries are associations not based on age, kinship, marriage, or territory but result from a conscious act of joining. T/F?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The Maori people are found in what country?

Answer 5

New Zealand

Question 6

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which _______ are the breadwinners.

Answer 6

Women

Question 7

Lineages,clans, phratries, and moieties are types of _______ groups.
A person in a system of ________ descent traces descent through both parents simultaneously and recognizes multiple ancestors.

Answer 7

Descent, Multilateral

Question 8

People related through _______ have an affinal relationship.

Answer 8

Marriage

Question 9

A people’s collection of gods and goddesses is called a _________.

Answer 9

Pantheon

Question 10

A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and prestige is said to be stratified. What is stratification?

Answer 10

The division of society into two or more social classes of people who do not share equally in basic resources, power, or prestige.

Question 11

A______ is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life.

Answer 11

Caste

Question 12

The term political organization refers to the way power, or the ability to control others’ behavior, is distributed or embedded in society. T/F?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

In the _____ century Darwin’s theory of sexual differences between males and females was called theory of sexual selection.

Answer 13

19th

Question 14

A________ is a ranked society in which every member has a position in the hierarchy, and an individual’s status is determined by membership in a descent group.

Answer 14

chiefdom

Question 15

The primary means of distributing goods in a chiefdom is ______________.

Answer 15

The primary means of distributing goods in a chiefdom is ______________. Redistribution

Question 16

Religion is viewed most simply as organized belief in the supernatural, and all fulfill numerous social and psychological needs. T/F?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

________ may be defined as the beliefs and patterns of behavior by which people try to control those aspects of the universe that are otherwise beyond their control.

Answer 17

Religion

Question 18

The formation of sexual bonds between individuals of the opposite sex is called _______.

Answer 18

Mating

Question 19

The belief that nature is animated with spirits is called________.

Answer 19

Animism

Question 20

In North America, _______ is thought of as a specialized activity done for play, recreation, or aesthetic appreciation.

Answer 20

Art

Question 21

Although the drive toward imaginative play may be a human universal, the form that it takes is determined by __________.

Answer 21

Culture

Question 22

Acculturation differs from other types of processes of change because it always involves an element of _____.

Answer 22

Force

Question 23

Anthropologists are holistic, meaning they take into account many interacting factors to understand the functioning of a complex whole. T/F?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Approximately ___ million people now live outside their countries of birth. 400
In their search for cheap labor, global corporations have tended to favor _____ and ______ for low skilled assembly jobs.

Answer 24

Women and Children

Question 25

One of the consequences of the development of global culture has been a resurgence of ________ movements.

Answer 25

Revitalization

Question 26

________ violence is violence produced by social, political, and economic structures rather than by the unique and personal decisions of individuals.

Answer 26

Structural

Question 27

Monogamy is not the preferred form of marriage in a majority of earth’s cultures—what is?

Answer 27

Polygamy

Question 28

Anglo–American culture uses ________ kinship terminology.

Answer 28

Eskimo

Question 29

All human societies have some division of _______ by sex.

Answer 29

Labor

Question 30

A wealthy man among the Kapauku of New Guinea cannot be a Big Man unless he gives his wealth away. T/F?

Answer 30

False

Question 31

From the study of people’s myths, an anthropologist can learn how the people define their world and the nature of their relationship to this world. T/F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Culturally specific people, animals, and monsters seen in the deepest stage of trance are called ______ images.

Answer 32

Iconic

Question 33

Humans discovered that _____ clay made it permanently hard 25,000 years ago.

Answer 33

Firing

Question 34

Air travel increases the spread of disease. T/F?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

______ methods; myths explain the world and a people’s place in it.Religious texts and their related art works are two examples of how myths are disseminated.

Answer 35

Scientific

Question 36

Cultures are __________ systems that are constantly changing.
The spread of cultural elements from one culture to another is called _________.

Answer 36

Adaptive, diffusion

Question 37

Most people plan for the future by looking at trends in recent _______.

Answer 37

History

Question 38

Humans, unlike nonhuman primates, can engage in sexual relations at any time. T/F?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Is Matrilineal descent common or uncommon among pastoralists and intensive agriculturalists?

Answer 39

Common

Question 40

Matrilineal descent is uncommon among pastoralists and intensive agriculturalists. T/F?

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Being strong and healthy can be interpreted as a symbolic indicator of social ________.

Answer 41

Class

Question 42

States are generally less stable than decentralized political systems. T/F?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Among food–foragers, religion tends to be inseparable from daily life. T/F?

Answer 43

True

Question 44

The early Hebrews defined their deity in masculine terms. Is that trend changing?

Answer 44

Yes, God is more commonly being seen as a female

Question 45

The term “replacement reproduction” means _________________?

Answer 45

People produce only enough offspring to replace themselves when they die

Question 46

Marriage within a particular group of individuals is called __________.

Answer 46

Endogamy