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Cultural Anthropology > Cultural Anthropology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Cultural Anthropology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anthropology?

A

The study of humans through a biological and cultural lens.

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2
Q

Biological Anthropology

A

Focuses on the biological aspect and history of humans

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3
Q

Ethnology

A

The study of living societies

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4
Q

Linguistics

A

Study of languages, both written and spoken

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5
Q

Archaeology

A

The study of past societies

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6
Q

Applied Anthropology

A

Takes everything from the other four fields to solve problems in the modern day

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7
Q

Characteristic 1

A

Holistic: Understand humans in a broad context

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8
Q

Characteristic 2

A

Focuses on human populations and not individuals

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9
Q

Characteristic 3

A

Anthropology is comparative and cross-cultural

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10
Q

Characteristic 4

A

Personal fieldwork is a huge part of Anthropology

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11
Q

Characteristic 5

A

Anthropology seeks to understand biological and cultural evolution through time.

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12
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

To think your culture is superior to another

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13
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

To try to understand another culture

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14
Q

Culture

A

Can be defined in many ways. It can be defined as a learned behavior, a way of surviving, beliefs, etc.

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15
Q

Characteristics of Culture

A

Culture inhibits biological and psychological impulses (food, habits, what is acceptable, etc.)

It can be beneficial and harmful

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16
Q

Symbols

A

Communicating with each other with clothing, hairstyles, jewelry, body decorations and modifications

more examples: Flags for nations or factions

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17
Q

National Culture

A

Symbols, values, behavior shared by nearly everyone within a large society

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18
Q

Subculture

A

Symbols, values, behavior shared by a smaller group within a nation, such as an ethnic group

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19
Q

Enculturation

A

The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values

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20
Q

Taboos

A

Things that are not accepted by a society

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21
Q

Kuru

A

A disease in Papua New Guinea caused by canniblism

22
Q

Assimilation

A

Forced cultural change

23
Q

Acculturation

A

The process of sharing and learning the cultural traits or social patterns of another group

24
Q

Invention

A

Any innovation developed by a culture

25
Q

Diffusion

A

Societies borrowing from one another

26
Q

Amish

A

A subculture in the Midwest and parts of New England that uses no electricity and has a high value for family and religion (specifically Christianity)

27
Q

The Nacirema

A

A North American Group that has a more market focused culture

They have a bizarre hatred for the human body, which involves doing rituals that modifies the body

It even gets to the point that talking about sexual intercourse in public is considered taboo

28
Q

Globalization

A

The rapid transformation of local cultures around the world in response to the economic and other influences of a dominant culture

29
Q

How is climate change impacting traditional societies?

A
  1. It is making sea levels rise, causing societies to abandon their homes
  2. it is changing the temperature, affecting the landscape and outcome of crops (like in Peru and Siberia)
  3. It is causing storms to get more frequent
30
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Carbon dioxide or other gases put into the atmosphere increase the global temperature

31
Q

Deforestation

A

Mass cutting of forest without replanting

32
Q

Basic characteristics of Ethnographic Fieldwork

A
  1. They work alone or in a small group
  2. They try to learn the language to communicate with them better
  3. They live among them for several months or even a year
33
Q

Structured interviews

A

Asking questions prepared before a meeting (genealogy, kinship studies, censuses)

34
Q

Freeform interview

A

An interview with no specific direction in mind

Potential questions can pop up from answers to other questions

35
Q

Participant Observation

A

Not only observing, but also participating in cultural events, if allowed

36
Q

Indigenous

A

Native to the area

37
Q

Culture Shock

A

Being overwhelmed in a culture you are unfamiliar with

38
Q

Contested identity

A

A dispute within a group about the collective identity or identities of the group

39
Q

Life history

A

Personal narrative of one’s life

40
Q

Emic

A

Descriptions of behaviors and beliefs in terms that are meaningful to people who belong to a specific culture

41
Q

Etic

A

Research that studies cross-cultural differences

42
Q

Informed consent

A

Telling them before you do something

43
Q

Rapport

A

Gaining trust

44
Q

Hockett’s language design features

A

Symbolism, productivity, Displacement, Multimedia, duality of patterning

45
Q

Phone

A

A sound in language

46
Q

phonemes

A

distinctions of one or more sounds in a language

47
Q

morphemes

A

structural units in a language
Ex.) prefix, suffix, root words

48
Q

dialects

A

Alternate versions of one spoken language

49
Q

How do dialects differ language?

A

pronunciation of words and different vocabulary

50
Q

what can dialects reflect?

A

geography, ethnicity, social class, gender

Cultural Anthropology (3 decks)

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