Cultivation Management Flashcards
Percentage of Clay:
Clay
50.0% or more
Percentage of Clay:
Clay loam
37.5% to 50.0%
Percentage of Clay:
Loam
25.0% to 37.5%
Percentage of Clay:
Sandy loam
12.5% to 25.0%
Percentage of Clay:
Sand
12.5% or less
True or False:
Loam and clay loam, which contain a moderate amount of sand are suitable for the cultivation of “many crops.”
True
Major Soil Groups:
It is widely distributed on plateaus and hills. It contains a lot of humus. Half of the crop fields in Japan are ___________.
A. Brown lowland soil
B. Andosol
C. Gray lowland soil
D. Gley soil
B
Major Soil Groups:
It is distributed in natural levees in alluvial lowlands. All or almost all layers are tawny soil layers. It is used for crop fields.
A. Brown lowland soil
B. Andosol
C. Gray lowland soil
D. Gley soil
A
Major Soil Groups:
It is distibuted in alluvial fans and plains with good drainage. It is used for paddy fields
A. Brown lowland soil
B. Andosol
C. Gray lowland soil
D. Gley soil
C.
Major Soil Groups:
It is distributed in alluvial depression. It is a blue-gray soil layer. It is used for paddy fields.
A. Brown lowland soil
B. Andosol
C. Gray lowland soil
D. Gley soil
D
Crumb means a cluster of soil ________.
A. Properties
B. Particles
C. Quality
D. Density
B.
True or False:
Soil with a large amount of crumbs is soft and suitable for the cultivation of crops.
True
True or False:
The opposite of crumb structure is single-grain structure.
True
True or False:
Soil of single-grain structure is dense with particles and is a hard soil.
True
To increase crumb structure, add _______ and ________.
A. Water and fertilizer
B. Compost and water
C. Compost and organic matter
What are the three-phase structure of soil?
Solid, Liquid and Gas
Good soil has a percentage from ____% to ____% for each of solid, liquid and gas.
A. 30 to 40
B. 40 to 50
C. 35 to 40
D. 45 to 50
A
Soil fertility means the over all soil _________.
A. Permeability
B. Property
C. Productivity
D. Capacity
C.
True or False:
Soil with soil fertility is able to grow crops well and yields a small amount of crops.
False. (Soil with soil fertility is able to grow crops well and yields a LARGE amount of crops.)
True or False:
Japanese soil is generally very acidic.
True
To improve acidic soils, spread an appropriate amount of ________ or ________.
lime or dolomite
To propagate and activate soil microorganisms, spread soil amendment such as compost and _______.
A. Organic matter
B. Organic fertilizer
C. Fertilizer
D. Organic that matters
A
True or False:
pH5 is neutral
False. (pH7 is neutral)
True or False:
pH that higher than 7 is alkaline
True
True or False:
pH that lower than 7 is acidic.
True
True or False:
Many japanese crops are suitable for growing at pH 5.5 to 6.5.
True
True or False:
A soil pH meter is an instrument to measure soil acidity.
False. (A soil ACIDITY meter is an instrument to measure soil acidity)
True or False:
Repeated cultivation in the same field is called _________.
A. Replant fracture
B. Replant failure
C. Replant fallen
B.
A preferred countermeasure against replant failure is _______.
A. Crop rotation
B. Crop irrigation
C. Crop management
D. Crop fertilization
A.
What are the three elements of fertilizer?
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK).
Associated with crop growth and yield.
A. Nitrogen
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
A.
Affects mainly blooming, fuiting and root development.
A. Nitrogen
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
C.
Affects mainly blooming and fruiting.
A. Nitrogen
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
B.
True or False:
Straight fertilizer contains only two element of NPK.
False. (Straight fertilizer contains only ONE element.)
True or False:
Compound fertilizer contains only two elements of NPK.
False. (Compound fertilizer contains two or MORE elements of NPK.)
The effect of this fertilizer last up to 30 days.
A. Quick acting fertilizer
B. Delayed release fertilizer
C. Slow release fertilizer
A.
The effect of this fertilizer lasts for 30 to 120 days.
A. Quick acting fertilizer
B. Delayed release fertilizer
C. Slow release fertilizer
C.
The effectivity of this fertilizer can last up to a year.
A. Quick acting fertilizer
B. Delayed release fertilizer
C. Slow release fertilizer
B.
Fertilizer that is given before the planting crops is ______.
Basal fertilizer
Fertilizer that is given additionally to crops according to their growth is ______.
Additional fertilizer.
True or False:
Fertilizer must not directly touch the seeds or roots when given.
True.
It is the work of cutting off the tip of the stem.
A. Axillary bud picking
B. Pinching
C. Defoliation
D. Disbudding
B.
By removing them can prevent excess fruiting and over-luxuriant growth of the leaf, and to catch more sunlight.
A. Axillary bud picking
B. Pinching
C. Defoliation
D. Disbudding
A.
It is the work of removing diseased leaves and crowded leaves.
A. Axillary bud picking
B. Pinching
C. Defoliation
D. Disbudding
C.
True or False:
Pinching will feed nutrients to the leaves and fruits.
True
True or False:
Defoliation supplies good ventilation and a large amount of moisture.
False. (Defoliation supplies good ventilation and a large amount of SUNLIGHT)
True or False:
Fruit thinning enables to grow high quality fruit by concentrating nutrients and moisture into the remaining fruit.
True.
The process by which pollen is transfered to the stigma of pistil is called _______.
Pollination
It is the trimming of branches to adjust their number and arrangement.
Training
It is the work that trains the branches to be appropriately arranged.
Supporting
True or False:
Harvesting early in the morning gives pre-cooling effect.
True
It is a method of cultivation that covers the ridges with covering materials in the form of a tunnel.
Tunnel cultivation
True or False:
The effect of tunnel cultivation is to keep the warmth, to prevent wind, rain and pest.
True
It is a method of cultivation that covers the crops directly in touch with the covering materials.
Cultivation with floating raw covers
Chemical pesticides used for the prevention and control of disease are called ________.
Fungicides
Chemical pesticides used for the prevention and control of pest insects are called ________.
Insecticides
Chemical pesticides used for weed control are called________.
Herbicides
