Cuban Missle Crisis Flashcards
Usa’s economic interests in Cuba
Sugar, tobacco
1926, 60%, sugar
Land
American companies had invested heavily in Cuba’s ——— and ——- industries.
By 1926, American companies owned —— % of Cuba’s ——— industry.
Americans also owned ——- in Cuba.
Usa political intervention in Cuban politics up to 1959.
1933, Ambassadors, generals
Pro-US puppet presidents
Batista, corrupt, repressive rule
For example, in ——- the US ———- conspired with Cuban ——— to overthrow the Cuban president.
The USA also installed ——- ——- ——— ——— in Cuba.
For example, they supported president ———- despite his ——- and ———- rule.
The Cuban Revolution and its impact
Castro, 1959
New government , prime minister
Cuban communist party, supported
The revolution led by ——— overthrew batista’s corrupt government in ——-
Castro set up a ——- ———— in Cuba and became its new prime minister
The ——- ——— ——- was among the parties that ——- Castro’s revolution against Batista.
Threats to US interests in Cuba- Castro’s economic policies
1960, Khrushchev
In ——-, castro and soviet leader ———- agreed to the barter of more Cuban sugar for Soviet oil.
Castro’s friendship with Khrushchev
1960, New York, United Nations General Assembly
Harlem
Championed
In ——-, Castro was in —— ——- to address the ——- ——- ——— ———
He stayed in a hotel in ———, a poor area with a large African-America population that faced racial discrimination.
The conservatives also saw Castro’s address to the UN, where he ——- the rights of African Americans,as an insult and challenge to the USA.
US economic pressure on cuba
June 1959, July 1960, nationalised, US owned banks, railways, ports, major American properties
First Declaration of Havana
November 1960, trade embargo
By ———- ———, the USA concluded that it could no longer secure US interests in cuba with castro in power
In ——- ———, the USA decided to buy less sugar from cuba.
Castro then ——- all ——- —— ——, ——-,——- and ————-.
Castro also drafted the ——— ———- ———, which highlighted US economic exploitation of Cuba.
In ——— 1960, the USA intensified its economic campaign against cuba by imposing a trade embargo on American exports to cuba on everything except food and medicine.
Bay of Pigs invasion
Eisenhower, Cuban exiles
CIA-trained exiles
50 million, surviving exiles.
The Bay of Pigs invasion was a plan conceived by US President ——— to use —— —— to overthrow Castro’s government.
CIA-trained exiles landed on the ——- —— —— and were defeated by Castro’s well prepared forces.
The USA had to give cuba about ——- ——- dollars worth of food and medicine in exchange for the ——- ———.
Operation Mongoose
Secret CIA o, Cuban economy, overthrowing Castro’s regime.
In November 1961, Kennedy authorised Operation Mongoose, a ——— ——— operation aimed at sabotaging the ——— ——— and ———- ———- ———-.
Cuba’s formal alliance with the USSR
December 1961, communist bloc, diplomatic ties
In ——- ——-, castro declared himself a communist and set up a new communist party.
Cuba also sought formal membership to the ———— ———- and established ———— ——— with communist countries.
To narrow the missile GAP between the USA and the Soviet Union.
ICBMs(Long-range ballistic missiles)
Short-and intermediate range missiles
150km
The USA had an advantage over the USSR as it had —————(———-) which could reach targets over Long distances.
The USSR lost out, as the soviet missiles were —— —— ———— —— ——-.
By putting missiles in Cuba, which si located only ——-km from the USA, Khrushchev could make up for teh disadvantage that the USSR had in terms of ICBMs.
Usa’s response to missiles in cuba
First strike, mutually assured destruction(MAD), land invasion of cuba, air strike.
US U-2 spy planes
Executive Committee
Kennedy saw the possibility that the USSR might plan a —— ——- nuclear Attack against the USA.
In the view of the possibility of ——— ———- ————, Kennedy knew that he had to consider the options carefully before deciding on the best course of action.
The options considered included ———,launching an ——— ———.
Furthermore, the ——— spy planes discovered more missile sites in cuba.
All these increased the urgency for the ———- ———— to make a decision quickly as any delay would mean time for the soviet missiles to be operationally ready.
Kennedy’s strategy of brinkmanship
20 October 1962, eight hours, 22 October
On —— —————— ——-, Kennedy was informed that the soviet missiles were already operational in Cuba and could be launched against some US cities within ——- ————.
This made Kennedy use the strategy of brinkmanship through a televised address to the Americans on —- ————— about the discovery of missile sites in cuba and the governments decision to impose a naval blockade around cuba.
Castro’s mobilisation of cuban forces
300,000
23rd October
About ———-cuban were armed and ready for war.
On —- ———, Castro publicly declared his readiness to die while fighting.
When was khruschev’s first appeal for peace?
26th October 1962.
When was Khruschev’s second appeal for peace
27th October 1962.
