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History > Cuba > Flashcards

Cuba Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened in the Cuban Revolution?

A
  • the USA supported corrupted, unpopular Batista as he was anti-communist
  • in 1956 Fidel Castro led a campaign of guerrilla warfare and in 1959 overthrew him.
    Castro did the following:
  • took over many US-owned businesses and land
  • forged close links with USSR (Khrushchev)
  • had Khrushchev send advisers, economic and military aid
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2
Q

What happened in the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A
  • January 1961 Eisenhower broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba
  • his successor Kennedy supplied weapons and missiles to 1500 Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro
  • met by 20,000 Cuban troops with USSR arms, they were all captured or killed
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3
Q

What were the consequences of the bay of pigs?

A
  • it was an embarrassment for Kennedy
  • it strengthened Castro’s position in Cuba
  • Khrushchev and others saw Kennedy as weak (June 1961, Vienna, seen as weak)
  • Khrushchev sent more military equipment to Cuba to prevent follow up attacks
  • in September 1962 the Soviets told Kennedy they had no intention of putting nuclear missiles on Cuba
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4
Q

Why did Khrushchev put missiles on Cuba?

A
  • to close the missile gap between US - USSR
  • the USA had missile bases in Western Europe and Turkey, in close range of Russia, so it restored missile balance
  • the USSR had more cheaper medium-ranged missiles
  • Khrushchev wanted to defend Cuba
  • to strengthen his own political position
  • to test Kennedy
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5
Q

14 October 1962

A
  • U-2 plane took pictures of missile sights under construction
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6
Q

15 October 1962

A
  • US intelligence analysed and confirmed that nuclear missiles had been place on Cuba
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7
Q

16 October 1962

A
  • EX-COMM formed (group of advisers)
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8
Q

18 October 1962

A
  • Soviet Foreign Minister, Gromyko and Kennedy meet, Gromyko denies offensive missiles, Kennedy does not inform him on his discovery
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9
Q

21 October 1962

A
  • Kennedy decides on a blockade against many advisers wishes
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10
Q

22 October 1962

A
  • Kennedy broadcasts live telling public about the missiles and their intention to quarantine (blockade) Cuba
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11
Q

23 October 1962

A
  • The Organisation of America States unanimously support the blockade
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12
Q

24 October 1962

A
  • The US blockade begins, all but 1 soviet ships turn around or slow down, American military go to DEFCON 2
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13
Q

26 October 1962

A
  • Missile sights are near completion
  • Khrushchev sent a private letter to Kennedy proposing to remove soviet missiles if Kennedy public announces that he won’t invade Cuba
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14
Q

27 October 1962

A
  • Khrushchev sends a second letter, proposing a trade for US missiles in Turkey
  • U-2 spy plane shot down (killing Major Rudolf Anderson), but Kennedy delays an attack
  • Deal made, soviets are told secretly that the US will not invade Cuba and remove its missiles from Turkey within 6 months, if refused US would invade Cuba immediately
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15
Q

28 October 1962

A
  • Khrushchev announces on Radio Moscow that he has agreed to remove missiles off Cuba
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16
Q

How could the US respond to the missiles on Cuba:

Do Nothing? (+-)

A

+ USA had larger nuclear force and didn’t want to start nuclear war
- it would be a sign of weakness

17
Q

How could the US respond to the missiles on Cuba:

Surgical Air Strike? (+-)

A

+ destroys the missiles before they become operations

  • it is not guaranteed that all missiles would be destroyed, so nuclear retaliation might happen
  • might kill soviet troops, USSR retaliation
  • a sign of aggression against a small country
18
Q

How could the US respond to the missiles on Cuba: Invasion?

A

+ removes missiles and takes over Cuba.

- could cause a response, invasion of Berlin or Nuclear war.

19
Q

How could the US respond to missiles on Cuba: Diplomatic Pressure? (+-)

A

+ involvement of other countries might force USSR to remove missiles
- it was considered weak and unlikely to affect Khrushchev

20
Q

How could the US respond to missiles on Cuba: Blockade? (+-)

A

+ it is a strong action without direct force, would give the US time
- it did not remove missiles off Cuba

21
Q

Why did Kennedy respond as he did? (In calling a blockade)

A
  • Kennedy was under pressure from military to bomb and invade Cuba, which would have led to war
  • Blockade was a means of solving/delaying crisis without immediate conflict
22
Q

What were the consequences of the end of the crisis?

A
  • regarded as the closest to a nuclear war, agreement that future disputes had to be avoided, so it improved US - Soviet relations
  • the USA and USSR set up a telephone link (hotline) between Moscow and Washington DC
  • in 1963 a test ban treaty was signed by the USSR, the USA and Britain
23
Q

Who won - USA (winning)

A
  • Kennedy immediately seen as a victor as he got the better end of the deal and made Khrushchev back down
  • Kennedy stood up to his hard-line military advisers
  • the missiles were going to be replaced soon anyway
24
Q

Who won - USA (losing)

A
  • Kennedy agreed in secret not to invade Cuba and to controversially remove NATO missiles off Turkey
  • Castro remained in power and Cuba was still communist
  • He made a lot of enemies with advisers etc.
25
Q

Who won - USSR - (winning)

A
  • Khrushchev had prevented an invasion and any future invasions of Cuba
  • in public, he was seen as a peacemaker and claimed to act reasonably
  • Khrushchev had the US take missiles of Turkey
26
Q

Who won - USSR (losing)

A
  • the USSR was shown to have lied to the UN and world about the nuclear missiles
  • Khrushchev was seen to have back down and remove the missiles and many soviets were humiliated
  • Khrushchev was unable to make public his agreement
  • in 1964 Khrushchev was replaced as leader
27
Q

Who won - Cuba - (winning)

A
  • Castro remained in power and the USA agreed not to attempt further invasions
  • Cuba remained heavily armed and became a focus for other communists in South America
  • Cuba maintained his control on US industries
28
Q

Who won - Cuba - (losing)

A
  • Cuba remained poor and isolated and were dependent on the USSR for supplies

History (6 decks)

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