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CTO Quiz 2 > CTO Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

CTO Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of cartilage

A

Cells Ground substance Fibers (collagen, elastic)

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2
Q

Types of cells in cartilage

A

Chondroblasts, chondrocytes

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3
Q

What makes up ground substance in cartilage?

A

GAGs, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, proteoglycans/glycoproteins (chodnronectin)

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4
Q

What fibers are in cartilage?

A

collagen, elastin

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5
Q

Functions of cartilage

A

(1) structural support for soft tissue (2) shock absorption in joints (3) reduce friction between joint surfaces (4) role in growth and development of long bones

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6
Q

Types of cartilage

A

(1) hyaline (2) elastic (3) fibrocartilage

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7
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Most common, fibers are type II collagen, forms temporary skeleton in embryo, epiphyseal plates(growth plates)

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8
Q

Location of hyaline cartilage

A

articular surfaces of moveable joints, ends of ribs, respiratory passages

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9
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Type II collagen + elastic fibers, provides flexible support, yellow due to elastin

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10
Q

Location of elastic cartilage

A

auricle of the ear, eustachian/auditory tube, epiglottis

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11
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Fibers are primarily type I, provides flexible strength, assoc. w/ dense connective tissue, resists compression and shearing

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12
Q

Location of fibrocartilage

A

Intervertebral and articular discs, knee menisci, pubic symphysis

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13
Q

Formation of cartilage

A

chondroblasts derived from mesenchymal cells

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14
Q

isogenous nest

A

when chondrocytes undergo mitosis, daughter cells in the same lacunae

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15
Q

perichondrium

A

layer of dense connective tissue at free edge of cartilage Not present in articular or fibrocartilage

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16
Q

Function of perichondrium

A

source of nutrition for cartilage (blood vessels), inner layer contains chondrogenic cells

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17
Q

Two types of cartilage growth

A

appositional, interstitial

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18
Q

Appositional

A

Type of cartilage growth: new cartilage at edge -> increased thickness of cartilage

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19
Q

Interstitial

A

Type of cartilage growth: chondrocytes replicate inside cartilage, secrete new matrix -> expand cartilage from within

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20
Q

What type of cartilage can’t grow by appositional growth?

A

Articular - b/c not covered with perichondrium –> can’t repair itself very well

Also fibrocartilage (also doe snot have perichondrium)

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21
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Breakdown/loss of cartilage of articular surfaces of joints –> bone rubs against bone

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22
Q

Bone spurs

A

May develop in OA b/c irritated bone tries to repair itself

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23
Q

Risk factors for OA

Study These Flashcards
A

>45 years, obesity, female, previous joint injury, hereditary conditions like defective cartilage

24
Q

Components of bone

Study These Flashcards
A

Cells, ground substance, fibers

25
What types of cells are in bone?
osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
26
What makes up ground substance in bones?
proteoglycans, glycoproteins
27
What fibers make up bones?
type I collagen
28
Cause of bone stiffness
calcified extracellular matrix
29
Hematopoiesis
production of blood cells
30
Functions of bone
(1) supportive framework (2) attachment for muscles (3) protects vital organs (4) bone marrow for hematopoiesis (5) reservoir for calcium and phosphate
31
Bone shapes
Long, flat, short, irregular
32
Long bone parts
33
Diaphysis
Long bone shaft
34
Epiphysis
explanded end with articular cartilage
35
metaphysis
"flared" part of shaft
36
epiphyseal plate
area where growth occurs in young bones
37
epiphyseal line
remnant of epiphyseal plate in adult bones
38
Periosteum
dense connective tissue covering bones
39
Periosteum structure
fibrous outer layer, osteogenic layer (osteoblast) against bone
40
Sharpey's fibers
collagen fibers from connective tissue --\> bone (anchors periorsteum to bone)
41
Endosteum
thinner layer inside bone, contain cells that can become osteoblasts
42
Cells in bone tissue
Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
43
Osteoprogenitor cells
stem cells w/ capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, active during bone growth/repair
44
Osteoblasts
on surface of bone, produce/secrete componets of bone matrix, active vs. inactive, can become osteocytes when surrounded by matrix
45
Osteocytes
surrounded by matrix, function is to maintain bone matrix
46
Osteoclasts
large motile multinucleated cells, derived from blood monocytes, responsible for bone resorption
47
Two regions of osteoclast
ruffled border, clear zone
48
Ruffled borders
region of osteoclast: infoldings of plasma membrane, involve resorption of bone
49
Clear zone
surrounds periphery of ruffled border, where osteoclast adheres to matrix
50
Gross organization of bone tissue
Compact (resists bending), spongy (resists compression)
51
Microscopic organization of bone tissue
immature (disorganized), mature (organized)
52
Osteon
AKA Haversian system (Circular lamellae), lacunae containing osteocytes b/t layers, canaculi connects adjacent layers
53
Circumferential laminae
Parts of mature bones in which lamellae are paralell to bone surfaces and surround bone in a circumferential manner; inner and outer layer
54
Interstital laminae
Fill space b/t osteons. Remnants of prior osteons partially removed by osteoclasts
55
Haversian canal
In center of osteon, contain vessels and nerves. Blood vessels in Haversian canall allow osteocytes to get nutrion
56
Volkmann's canal
Transverse running canals connecting adjacent Haversian systems; connect periosteum and marrow cavity
57
Functions of cartilage
Support (ear, nose) Shock absorption Reduce friction Growth/dev't of long bones

CTO Quiz 2 (2 decks)

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