CTB 40 Age changes

Question 1

True or False.
1) Enamel does not remodel so changes are due to the
oral environment – biofilms and plaque
2) colour change of enamel is not an effect of age

Answer 1

1) true

2) false, discolouration occurs with age

Question 2

Fill blanks.
–Stains (e.g. coffee, tea, wine) trapped in ____a____ become
fixed during_____b_____
–Progressive thinning of enamel due to tooth wear & thickening of
yellowish dentine, which will shine through the semi-translucent
enamel produce ____c____ teeth.

Answer 2

a) microscopic pits
b) remineralisation
c) darkening

Question 3

Solution for enamel discolouration?

Answer 3

bleaching

Question 4

What 3 processes reduces thickness in enamel?

2) What is the difference between the,?
3) What on the surface of the tooth will disappear?

Answer 4

1) attrition, abrasion and erosion
2) erosion: acid (not form bacteria, but diet and stomach acid) causes acid dissolution
attrition: tooth to tooth contact= wear
abrasion: tooth to foriegn object (diet, tooth brushing)= wear
3) perikymata

Question 5

true or false.

1) with age enamel becomes less mineralised therefore older people are more susceptible to caries.
2) changes in minerlisation due to ageing effects bonding of dental material to enamel

Answer 5

false, less susceptible and enamel is more mineralised

2) false: bonding of materials to enamel does not appear to be effected by age

Question 6

What ions found in saliva help remineralise the enamel?

Answer 6

phosphate, flouride adn calcium

Question 7

in an early carious lession going from surface to deep name layers and what has occured/ structure there:

Answer 7

1. surface zone  (intact enamel;
remineralisation caused by ion precipitation
from saliva)
2. body (enamel destruction)
3. dark zone (reminerlisation)
4. translucent zone (demineralisation)

Question 8

difference between 2 and 1 dentine:

Answer 8

1) 2 formed after eruption
2) formed slower (0.5 microns per day)
3) fewer tubules in 2 but are continous with 1

Question 9

What are dead tracts?

2) what is sclerotic dentine?
3) what is 2 physiological or biological changes

Answer 9

1) odontoblasts are dead, left air filled DT.= appear black
2) complete occlusion of DT, with peritubular dentine = transparent
3) either, age causes it in roots, caries causes it around carious lesion

Question 10

reactionary vs reparative dentine

Answer 10

• Reactionary dentine: slower response from existing odontoblasts lining the
pulp, few tubules, response to attrition.
• Reparative dentine: rapid response, new odontoblast-like cells induced
from pulp stem cells; response to caries or restoration, little structure

Question 11

What are the different calcified structures that you can find in the pulp?

Answer 11

1. denticles (true pulp stones)
2. (false) pulp stone
3. diffuse calcifcaitons

Question 12

describe appearance of true pulp stone: (denticles)

Answer 12

cells (odontoblasts around outside, consists of organic matrix and dentine tubules

Question 13

describe appearance of –(False) Pulp stones

Answer 13

you’ll see circles Concentric layers of calcified

degenerated pulp tissue

Question 14

describe appearance of dffuse calcifcations

Answer 14

Associated
with blood vessels or collagen fibres along the long
axis of radicular pulp.

Question 15

What happens to thickness of cemetume from 16 to 70?

2) what cause of cementogenesis at root apex

Answer 15

increases by 3x

2) age or if excessive, attrition at occlusal surface

Question 16

What age changes occur in PDL?

Answer 16

Decrease in cell numbers and density, and mitotic
activity
– Fibroblasts have shorter live spans, diminished protein
synthesis and collagen degradative activity
– Increased collagen fibrosis, thicker fibre bundles and
mineralisation of fibres
– Uneven Sharpey fibre insertions

Question 17

more or less susceptible with age

1) caries
2) periodontitis

Answer 17

1) less

2) more

Question 18

What age changes in oral mucosa?

Answer 18

Thinning of epithelium on dorsal and lateral surfaces
of tongue and reduced taste sensation.
• Gingival recession – but unclear if due to poor oral
hygiene or normal age change
• Increasing susceptibility to precancerous lesions and
oral cancer

Question 19

age changes in salivary glands:

Answer 19

Decrease in amount of glandular tissue and increase
in fibrous tissue, fat cells and inflammatory cells.
• Loss of parenchyma in both major and minor glands
– Xerostomia is not usually present in healthy unmedicated
older adults
– Xerostomia is associated with increased use of medications.
– Xerostomia increases the rate of tooth wear (attrition)