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CT5 > CT5 > Flashcards

CT5 Flashcards

1
Q

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

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2
Q

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

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3
Q

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

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4
Q

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

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5
Q

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

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6
Q

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

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7
Q

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

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8
Q

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

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9
Q

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

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10
Q

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

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11
Q

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

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12
Q

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

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13
Q

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

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14
Q

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

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15
Q

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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16
Q

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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17
Q

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

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18
Q

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

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19
Q

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

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20
Q

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

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21
Q

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

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22
Q

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

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23
Q

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

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24
Q

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

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25
Q

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

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26
Q

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

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27
Q

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

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28
Q

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

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29
Q

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

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30
Q

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

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31
Q

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

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32
Q

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

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33
Q

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

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34
Q

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

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35
Q

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

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36
Q

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

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37
Q

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

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38
Q

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

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39
Q

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

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40
Q

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

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41
Q

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

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42
Q

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

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43
Q

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

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44
Q

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

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45
Q

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

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46
Q

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

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47
Q

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

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48
Q

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

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49
Q

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

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50
Q

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

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51
Q

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

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52
Q

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

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53
Q

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

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54
Q

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

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55
Q

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

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56
Q

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

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57
Q

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

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58
Q

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

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59
Q

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

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60
Q

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

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61
Q

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

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62
Q

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

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63
Q

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

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64
Q

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

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65
Q

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

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66
Q

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

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67
Q

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

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68
Q

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

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69
Q

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

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70
Q

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

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71
Q

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

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72
Q

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

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73
Q

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

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74
Q

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

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75
Q

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

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76
Q

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

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77
Q

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

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78
Q

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

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79
Q

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

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80
Q

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

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81
Q

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

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82
Q

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

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83
Q

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

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84
Q

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

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85
Q

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

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86
Q

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

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87
Q

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

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88
Q

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

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89
Q

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

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90
Q

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

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91
Q

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

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92
Q

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

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93
Q

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

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94
Q

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

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95
Q

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

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96
Q

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

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97
Q

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

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98
Q

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

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99
Q

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

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100
Q

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

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101
Q

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

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102
Q

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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103
Q

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

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104
Q

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

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105
Q

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

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106
Q

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

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107
Q

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

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108
Q

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

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109
Q

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

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110
Q

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

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111
Q

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

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112
Q

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

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113
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

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114
Q

NE

A

Network Elements

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115
Q

MIB

A

Management Information Base

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116
Q

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

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117
Q

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

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118
Q

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

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119
Q

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

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120
Q

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

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121
Q

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

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122
Q

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

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123
Q

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

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124
Q

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

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125
Q

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

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126
Q

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

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127
Q

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

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128
Q

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

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129
Q

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

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130
Q

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

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131
Q

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

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132
Q

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

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133
Q

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

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134
Q

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

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135
Q

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

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136
Q

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

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137
Q

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

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138
Q

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

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139
Q

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

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140
Q

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

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141
Q

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

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142
Q

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

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143
Q

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

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144
Q

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

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145
Q

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

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146
Q

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

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147
Q

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

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148
Q

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

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149
Q

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

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150
Q

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

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151
Q

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

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152
Q

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

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153
Q

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

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154
Q

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

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155
Q

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

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156
Q

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

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157
Q

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

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158
Q

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

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159
Q

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

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160
Q

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

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161
Q

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

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162
Q

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

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163
Q

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

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164
Q

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

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165
Q

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

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166
Q

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

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167
Q

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

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168
Q

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

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169
Q

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

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170
Q

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

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171
Q

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

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172
Q

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

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173
Q

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

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174
Q

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

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175
Q

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

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176
Q

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

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177
Q

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

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178
Q

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

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179
Q

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

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180
Q

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

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181
Q

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

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182
Q

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

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183
Q

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

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184
Q

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

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185
Q

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

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186
Q

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

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187
Q

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

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188
Q

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

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189
Q

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

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190
Q

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

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191
Q

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

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192
Q

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

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193
Q

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

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194
Q

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

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195
Q

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

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196
Q

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

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197
Q

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

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198
Q

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

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199
Q

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

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200
Q

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

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201
Q

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

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202
Q

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

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203
Q

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

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204
Q

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

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205
Q

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

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206
Q

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

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207
Q

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

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208
Q

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

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209
Q

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

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210
Q

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

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211
Q

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

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212
Q

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

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213
Q

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

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214
Q

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

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215
Q

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

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216
Q

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

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217
Q

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

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218
Q

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

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219
Q

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

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220
Q

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

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221
Q

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

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222
Q

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

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223
Q

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

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224
Q

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

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225
Q

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

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226
Q

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

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227
Q

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

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228
Q

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

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229
Q

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

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230
Q

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

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231
Q

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

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232
Q

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

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233
Q

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

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234
Q

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

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235
Q

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

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236
Q

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

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237
Q

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

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238
Q

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

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239
Q

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

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240
Q

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

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241
Q

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

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242
Q

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

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243
Q

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

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244
Q

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

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245
Q

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

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246
Q

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

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247
Q

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

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248
Q

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

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249
Q

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

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250
Q

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

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251
Q

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

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252
Q

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

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253
Q

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

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254
Q

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

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255
Q

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

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256
Q

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

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257
Q

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

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258
Q

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

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259
Q

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

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260
Q

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

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261
Q

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

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262
Q

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

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263
Q

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

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264
Q

Comcast

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

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265
Q

Comcast

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

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266
Q

Comcast

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

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267
Q

Comcast

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

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268
Q

Comcast

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

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269
Q

Comcast

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

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270
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

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271
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

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272
Q

Comcast

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

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273
Q

Comcast

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

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274
Q

Comcast

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

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275
Q

Comcast

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

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276
Q

Comcast

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

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277
Q

Comcast

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

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278
Q

Comcast

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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279
Q

Comcast

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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280
Q

Comcast

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

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281
Q

Comcast

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

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282
Q

Comcast

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

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283
Q

Comcast

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

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284
Q

Comcast

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

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285
Q

Comcast

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

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286
Q

Comcast

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

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287
Q

Comcast

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

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288
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

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289
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

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290
Q

Comcast

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

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291
Q

Comcast

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

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292
Q

Comcast

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

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293
Q

Comcast

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

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294
Q

Comcast

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

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295
Q

Comcast

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

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296
Q

Comcast

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

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297
Q

Comcast

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

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298
Q

Comcast

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

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299
Q

Comcast

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

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300
Q

Comcast

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

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301
Q

Comcast

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

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302
Q

Comcast

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

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303
Q

Comcast

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

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304
Q

Comcast

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

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305
Q

Comcast

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

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306
Q

Comcast

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

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307
Q

Comcast

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

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308
Q

Comcast

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

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309
Q

Comcast

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

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310
Q

Comcast

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

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311
Q

Comcast

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

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312
Q

Comcast

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

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313
Q

Comcast

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

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314
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

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315
Q

Comcast

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

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316
Q

Comcast

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

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317
Q

Comcast

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

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318
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

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319
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

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320
Q

Comcast

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

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321
Q

Comcast

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

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322
Q

Comcast

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

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323
Q

Comcast

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

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324
Q

Comcast

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

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325
Q

Comcast

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

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326
Q

Comcast

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

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327
Q

Comcast

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

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328
Q

Comcast

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

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329
Q

Comcast

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

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330
Q

Comcast

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

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331
Q

Comcast

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

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332
Q

Comcast

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

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333
Q

Comcast

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

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334
Q

Comcast

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

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335
Q

Comcast

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

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336
Q

Comcast

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

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337
Q

Comcast

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

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338
Q

Comcast

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

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339
Q

Comcast

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

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340
Q

Comcast

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

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341
Q

Comcast

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

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342
Q

Comcast

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

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343
Q

Comcast

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

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344
Q

Comcast

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

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345
Q

Comcast

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

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346
Q

Comcast

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

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347
Q

Comcast

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

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348
Q

Comcast

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

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349
Q

Comcast

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

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350
Q

Comcast

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

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351
Q

Comcast

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

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352
Q

Comcast

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

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353
Q

Comcast

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

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354
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

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355
Q

Comcast

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

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356
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

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357
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

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358
Q

Comcast

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

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359
Q

Comcast

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

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360
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

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361
Q

Comcast

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

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362
Q

Comcast

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

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363
Q

Comcast

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

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364
Q

Comcast

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

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365
Q

Comcast

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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366
Q

Comcast

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

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367
Q

Comcast

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

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368
Q

Comcast

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

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369
Q

Comcast

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

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370
Q

Comcast

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

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371
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

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372
Q

Comcast

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

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373
Q

Comcast

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

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374
Q

Comcast

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

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375
Q

Comcast

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

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376
Q

Comcast

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

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377
Q

Comcast

NE

A

Network Elements

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378
Q

Comcast

MIB

A

Management Information Base

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379
Q

Comcast

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

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380
Q

Comcast

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

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381
Q

Comcast

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

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382
Q

Comcast

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

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383
Q

Comcast

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

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384
Q

Comcast

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

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385
Q

Comcast

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

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386
Q

Comcast

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

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387
Q

Comcast

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

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388
Q

Comcast

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

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389
Q

Comcast

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

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390
Q

Comcast

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

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391
Q

Comcast

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

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392
Q

Comcast

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

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393
Q

Comcast

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

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394
Q

Comcast

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

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395
Q

Comcast

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

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396
Q

Comcast

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

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397
Q

Comcast

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

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398
Q

Comcast

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

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399
Q

Comcast

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

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400
Q

Comcast

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

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401
Q

Comcast

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

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402
Q

Comcast

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

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403
Q

Comcast

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

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404
Q

Comcast

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

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405
Q

Comcast

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

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406
Q

Comcast

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

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407
Q

Comcast

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

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408
Q

Comcast

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

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409
Q

Comcast

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

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410
Q

Comcast

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

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411
Q

Comcast

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

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412
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

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413
Q

Comcast

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

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414
Q

Comcast

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

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415
Q

Comcast

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

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416
Q

Comcast

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

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417
Q

Comcast

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

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418
Q

Comcast

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

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419
Q

Comcast

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

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420
Q

Comcast

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

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421
Q

Comcast

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

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422
Q

Comcast

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

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423
Q

Comcast

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

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424
Q

Comcast

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

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425
Q

Comcast

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

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426
Q

Comcast

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

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427
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

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428
Q

Comcast

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

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429
Q

Comcast

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

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430
Q

Comcast

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

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431
Q

Comcast

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

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432
Q

Comcast

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

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433
Q

Comcast

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

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434
Q

Comcast

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

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435
Q

Comcast

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

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436
Q

Comcast

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

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437
Q

Comcast

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

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438
Q

Comcast

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

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439
Q

Comcast

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

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440
Q

Comcast

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

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441
Q

Comcast

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

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442
Q

Comcast

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

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443
Q

Comcast

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

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444
Q

Comcast

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

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445
Q

Comcast

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

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446
Q

Comcast

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

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447
Q

Comcast

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

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448
Q

Comcast

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

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449
Q

Comcast

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

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450
Q

Comcast

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

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451
Q

Comcast

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

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452
Q

Comcast

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

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453
Q

Comcast

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

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454
Q

Comcast

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

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455
Q

Comcast

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

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456
Q

Comcast

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

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457
Q

Comcast

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

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458
Q

Comcast

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

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459
Q

Comcast

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

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460
Q

Comcast

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

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461
Q

Comcast

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

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462
Q

Comcast

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

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463
Q

Comcast

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

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464
Q

Comcast

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

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465
Q

Comcast

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

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466
Q

Comcast

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

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467
Q

Comcast

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

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468
Q

Comcast

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

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469
Q

Comcast

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

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470
Q

Comcast

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

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471
Q

Comcast

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

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472
Q

Comcast

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

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473
Q

Comcast

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

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474
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

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475
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

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476
Q

Comcast

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

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477
Q

Comcast

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

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478
Q

Comcast

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

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479
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

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480
Q

Comcast

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

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481
Q

Comcast

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

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482
Q

Comcast

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

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483
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

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484
Q

Comcast

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

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485
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

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486
Q

Comcast

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

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487
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

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488
Q

Comcast

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

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489
Q

Comcast

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

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490
Q

Comcast

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

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491
Q

Comcast

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

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492
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

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493
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

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494
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

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495
Q

Comcast

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

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496
Q

Comcast

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

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497
Q

Comcast

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

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498
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

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499
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

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500
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

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501
Q

Comcast

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

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502
Q

Comcast

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

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503
Q

Comcast

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

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504
Q

Comcast

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

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505
Q

Comcast

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

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506
Q

Comcast

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

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507
Q

Comcast

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

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508
Q

Comcast

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

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509
Q

Comcast

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

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510
Q

Comcast

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

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511
Q

Comcast

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

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512
Q

Comcast

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

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513
Q

Comcast

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

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514
Q

Comcast

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

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515
Q

Comcast

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

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516
Q

Comcast

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

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517
Q

Comcast

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

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518
Q

Comcast

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

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519
Q

Comcast

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

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520
Q

Comcast

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

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521
Q

Comcast

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

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522
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

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523
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

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524
Q

Comcast

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

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525
Q

Comcast

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

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526
Q

Comcast

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

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527
Q

Comcast

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

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528
Q

Comcast

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

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529
Q

Comcast

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

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530
Q

Comcast

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

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531
Q

Comcast

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

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532
Q

Comcast

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

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533
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

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534
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

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535
Q

Comcast

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

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536
Q

Comcast

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

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537
Q

Comcast

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

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538
Q

Comcast

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

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539
Q

Comcast

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

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540
Q

Comcast

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

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541
Q

Comcast

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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542
Q

Comcast

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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543
Q

Comcast

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

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544
Q

Comcast

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

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545
Q

Comcast

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

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546
Q

Comcast

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

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547
Q

Comcast

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

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548
Q

Comcast

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

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549
Q

Comcast

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

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550
Q

Comcast

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

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551
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

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552
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

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553
Q

Comcast

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

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554
Q

Comcast

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

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555
Q

Comcast

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

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556
Q

Comcast

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

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557
Q

Comcast

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

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558
Q

Comcast

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

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559
Q

Comcast

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

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560
Q

Comcast

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

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561
Q

Comcast

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

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562
Q

Comcast

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

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563
Q

Comcast

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

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564
Q

Comcast

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

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565
Q

Comcast

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

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566
Q

Comcast

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

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567
Q

Comcast

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

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568
Q

Comcast

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

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569
Q

Comcast

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

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570
Q

Comcast

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

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571
Q

Comcast

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

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572
Q

Comcast

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

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573
Q

Comcast

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

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574
Q

Comcast

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

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575
Q

Comcast

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

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576
Q

Comcast

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

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577
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

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578
Q

Comcast

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

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579
Q

Comcast

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

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580
Q

Comcast

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

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581
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

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582
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

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583
Q

Comcast

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

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584
Q

Comcast

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

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585
Q

Comcast

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

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586
Q

Comcast

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

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587
Q

Comcast

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

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588
Q

Comcast

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

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589
Q

Comcast

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

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590
Q

Comcast

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

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591
Q

Comcast

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

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592
Q

Comcast

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

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593
Q

Comcast

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

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594
Q

Comcast

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

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595
Q

Comcast

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

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596
Q

Comcast

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

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597
Q

Comcast

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

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598
Q

Comcast

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

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599
Q

Comcast

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

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600
Q

Comcast

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

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601
Q

Comcast

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

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602
Q

Comcast

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

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603
Q

Comcast

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

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604
Q

Comcast

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

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605
Q

Comcast

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

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606
Q

Comcast

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

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607
Q

Comcast

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

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608
Q

Comcast

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

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609
Q

Comcast

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

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610
Q

Comcast

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

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611
Q

Comcast

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

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612
Q

Comcast

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

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613
Q

Comcast

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

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614
Q

Comcast

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

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615
Q

Comcast

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

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616
Q

Comcast

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

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617
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

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618
Q

Comcast

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

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619
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

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620
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

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621
Q

Comcast

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

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622
Q

Comcast

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

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623
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

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624
Q

Comcast

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

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625
Q

Comcast

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

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626
Q

Comcast

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

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627
Q

Comcast

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

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628
Q

Comcast

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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629
Q

Comcast

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

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630
Q

Comcast

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

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631
Q

Comcast

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

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632
Q

Comcast

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

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633
Q

Comcast

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

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634
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

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635
Q

Comcast

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

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636
Q

Comcast

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

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637
Q

Comcast

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

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638
Q

Comcast

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

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639
Q

Comcast

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

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640
Q

Comcast

NE

A

Network Elements

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641
Q

Comcast

MIB

A

Management Information Base

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642
Q

Comcast

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

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643
Q

Comcast

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

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644
Q

Comcast

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

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645
Q

Comcast

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

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646
Q

Comcast

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

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647
Q

Comcast

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

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648
Q

Comcast

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

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649
Q

Comcast

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

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650
Q

Comcast

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

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651
Q

Comcast

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

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652
Q

Comcast

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

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653
Q

Comcast

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

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654
Q

Comcast

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

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655
Q

Comcast

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

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656
Q

Comcast

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

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657
Q

Comcast

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

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658
Q

Comcast

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

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659
Q

Comcast

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

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660
Q

Comcast

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

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661
Q

Comcast

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

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662
Q

Comcast

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

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663
Q

Comcast

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

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664
Q

Comcast

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

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665
Q

Comcast

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

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666
Q

Comcast

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

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667
Q

Comcast

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

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668
Q

Comcast

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

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669
Q

Comcast

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

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670
Q

Comcast

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

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671
Q

Comcast

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

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672
Q

Comcast

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

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673
Q

Comcast

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

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674
Q

Comcast

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

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675
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

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676
Q

Comcast

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

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677
Q

Comcast

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

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678
Q

Comcast

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

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679
Q

Comcast

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

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680
Q

Comcast

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

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681
Q

Comcast

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

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682
Q

Comcast

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

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683
Q

Comcast

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

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684
Q

Comcast

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

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685
Q

Comcast

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

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686
Q

Comcast

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

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687
Q

Comcast

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

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688
Q

Comcast

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

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689
Q

Comcast

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

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690
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

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691
Q

Comcast

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

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692
Q

Comcast

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

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693
Q

Comcast

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

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694
Q

Comcast

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

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695
Q

Comcast

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

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696
Q

Comcast

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

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697
Q

Comcast

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

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698
Q

Comcast

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

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699
Q

Comcast

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

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700
Q

Comcast

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

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701
Q

Comcast

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

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702
Q

Comcast

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

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703
Q

Comcast

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

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704
Q

Comcast

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

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705
Q

Comcast

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

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706
Q

Comcast

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

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707
Q

Comcast

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

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708
Q

Comcast

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

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709
Q

Comcast

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

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710
Q

Comcast

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

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711
Q

Comcast

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

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712
Q

Comcast

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

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713
Q

Comcast

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

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714
Q

Comcast

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

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715
Q

Comcast

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

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716
Q

Comcast

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

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717
Q

Comcast

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

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718
Q

Comcast

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

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719
Q

Comcast

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

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720
Q

Comcast

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

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721
Q

Comcast

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

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722
Q

Comcast

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

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723
Q

Comcast

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

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724
Q

Comcast

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

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725
Q

Comcast

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

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726
Q

Comcast

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

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727
Q

Comcast

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

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728
Q

Comcast

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

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729
Q

Comcast

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

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730
Q

Comcast

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

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731
Q

Comcast

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

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732
Q

Comcast

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

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733
Q

Comcast

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

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734
Q

Comcast

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

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735
Q

Comcast

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

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736
Q

Comcast

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

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737
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

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738
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

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739
Q

Comcast

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

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740
Q

Comcast

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

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741
Q

Comcast

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

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742
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

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743
Q

Comcast

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

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744
Q

Comcast

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

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745
Q

Comcast

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

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746
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

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747
Q

Comcast

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

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748
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

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749
Q

Comcast

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

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750
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

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751
Q

Comcast

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

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752
Q

Comcast

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

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753
Q

Comcast

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

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754
Q

Comcast

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

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755
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

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756
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

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757
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

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758
Q

Comcast

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

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759
Q

Comcast

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

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760
Q

Comcast

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

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761
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

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762
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

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763
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

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764
Q

Comcast

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

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765
Q

Comcast

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

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766
Q

Comcast

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

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767
Q

Comcast

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

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768
Q

Comcast

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

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769
Q

Comcast

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

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770
Q

Comcast

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

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771
Q

Comcast

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

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772
Q

Comcast

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

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773
Q

Comcast

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

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774
Q

Comcast

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

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775
Q

Comcast

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

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776
Q

Comcast

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

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777
Q

Comcast

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

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778
Q

Comcast

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

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779
Q

Comcast

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

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780
Q

Comcast

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

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781
Q

Comcast

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

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782
Q

Comcast

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

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783
Q

Comcast

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

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784
Q

Comcast

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

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785
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

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786
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

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787
Q

Comcast

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

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788
Q

Comcast

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

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789
Q

Comcast

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

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790
Q

Comcast

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

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791
Q

Comcast

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

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792
Q

Comcast

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

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793
Q

Comcast

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

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794
Q

Comcast

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

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795
Q

Comcast

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

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796
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

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797
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

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798
Q

Comcast

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

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799
Q

Comcast

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

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800
Q

Comcast

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

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801
Q

Comcast

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

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802
Q

Comcast

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

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803
Q

Comcast

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

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804
Q

Comcast

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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805
Q

Comcast

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

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806
Q

Comcast

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

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807
Q

Comcast

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

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808
Q

Comcast

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

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809
Q

Comcast

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

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810
Q

Comcast

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

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811
Q

Comcast

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

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812
Q

Comcast

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

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813
Q

Comcast

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

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814
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

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815
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

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816
Q

Comcast

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

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817
Q

Comcast

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

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818
Q

Comcast

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

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819
Q

Comcast

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

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820
Q

Comcast

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

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821
Q

Comcast

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

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822
Q

Comcast

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

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823
Q

Comcast

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

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824
Q

Comcast

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

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825
Q

Comcast

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

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826
Q

Comcast

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

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827
Q

Comcast

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

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828
Q

Comcast

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

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829
Q

Comcast

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

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830
Q

Comcast

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

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831
Q

Comcast

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

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832
Q

Comcast

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

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833
Q

Comcast

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

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834
Q

Comcast

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

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835
Q

Comcast

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

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836
Q

Comcast

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

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837
Q

Comcast

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

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838
Q

Comcast

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

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839
Q

Comcast

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

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840
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

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841
Q

Comcast

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

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842
Q

Comcast

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

843
Q

Comcast

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

844
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

845
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

846
Q

Comcast

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

847
Q

Comcast

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

848
Q

Comcast

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

849
Q

Comcast

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

850
Q

Comcast

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

851
Q

Comcast

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

852
Q

Comcast

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

853
Q

Comcast

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

854
Q

Comcast

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

855
Q

Comcast

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

856
Q

Comcast

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

857
Q

Comcast

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

858
Q

Comcast

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

859
Q

Comcast

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

860
Q

Comcast

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

861
Q

Comcast

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

862
Q

Comcast

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

863
Q

Comcast

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

864
Q

Comcast

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

865
Q

Comcast

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

866
Q

Comcast

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

867
Q

Comcast

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

868
Q

Comcast

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

869
Q

Comcast

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

870
Q

Comcast

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

871
Q

Comcast

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

872
Q

Comcast

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

873
Q

Comcast

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

874
Q

Comcast

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

875
Q

Comcast

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

876
Q

Comcast

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

877
Q

Comcast

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

878
Q

Comcast

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

879
Q

Comcast

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

880
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

881
Q

Comcast

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

882
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

883
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

884
Q

Comcast

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

885
Q

Comcast

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

886
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

887
Q

Comcast

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

888
Q

Comcast

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

889
Q

Comcast

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

890
Q

Comcast

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

891
Q

Comcast

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

892
Q

Comcast

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

893
Q

Comcast

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

894
Q

Comcast

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

895
Q

Comcast

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

896
Q

Comcast

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

897
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

898
Q

Comcast

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

899
Q

Comcast

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

900
Q

Comcast

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

901
Q

Comcast

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

902
Q

Comcast

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

903
Q

Comcast

NE

A

Network Elements

904
Q

Comcast

MIB

A

Management Information Base

905
Q

Comcast

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

906
Q

Comcast

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

907
Q

Comcast

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

908
Q

Comcast

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

909
Q

Comcast

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

910
Q

Comcast

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

911
Q

Comcast

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

912
Q

Comcast

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

913
Q

Comcast

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

914
Q

Comcast

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

915
Q

Comcast

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

916
Q

Comcast

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

917
Q

Comcast

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

918
Q

Comcast

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

919
Q

Comcast

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

920
Q

Comcast

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

921
Q

Comcast

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

922
Q

Comcast

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

923
Q

Comcast

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

924
Q

Comcast

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

925
Q

Comcast

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

926
Q

Comcast

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

927
Q

Comcast

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

928
Q

Comcast

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

929
Q

Comcast

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

930
Q

Comcast

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

931
Q

Comcast

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

932
Q

Comcast

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

933
Q

Comcast

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

934
Q

Comcast

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

935
Q

Comcast

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

936
Q

Comcast

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

937
Q

Comcast

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

938
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

939
Q

Comcast

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

940
Q

Comcast

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

941
Q

Comcast

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

942
Q

Comcast

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

943
Q

Comcast

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

944
Q

Comcast

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

945
Q

Comcast

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

946
Q

Comcast

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

947
Q

Comcast

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

948
Q

Comcast

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

949
Q

Comcast

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

950
Q

Comcast

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

951
Q

Comcast

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

952
Q

Comcast

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

953
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

954
Q

Comcast

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

955
Q

Comcast

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

956
Q

Comcast

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

957
Q

Comcast

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

958
Q

Comcast

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

959
Q

Comcast

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

960
Q

Comcast

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

961
Q

Comcast

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

962
Q

Comcast

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

963
Q

Comcast

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

964
Q

Comcast

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

965
Q

Comcast

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

966
Q

Comcast

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

967
Q

Comcast

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

968
Q

Comcast

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

969
Q

Comcast

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

970
Q

Comcast

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

971
Q

Comcast

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

972
Q

Comcast

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

973
Q

Comcast

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

974
Q

Comcast

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

975
Q

Comcast

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

976
Q

Comcast

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

977
Q

Comcast

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

978
Q

Comcast

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

979
Q

Comcast

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

980
Q

Comcast

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

981
Q

Comcast

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

982
Q

Comcast

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

983
Q

Comcast

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

984
Q

Comcast

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

985
Q

Comcast

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

986
Q

Comcast

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

987
Q

Comcast

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

988
Q

Comcast

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

989
Q

Comcast

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

990
Q

Comcast

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

991
Q

Comcast

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

992
Q

Comcast

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

993
Q

Comcast

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

994
Q

Comcast

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

995
Q

Comcast

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

996
Q

Comcast

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

997
Q

Comcast

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

998
Q

Comcast

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

999
Q

Comcast

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

1000
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

1001
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

1002
Q

Comcast

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

1003
Q

Comcast

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

1004
Q

Comcast

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

1005
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

1006
Q

Comcast

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

1007
Q

Comcast

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

1008
Q

Comcast

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

1009
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

1010
Q

Comcast

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

1011
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

1012
Q

Comcast

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

1013
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

1014
Q

Comcast

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

1015
Q

Comcast

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

1016
Q

Comcast

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

1017
Q

Comcast

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

1018
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

1019
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

1020
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

1021
Q

Comcast

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

1022
Q

Comcast

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

1023
Q

Comcast

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

1024
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

1025
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

1026
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

1027
Q

Comcast

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

1028
Q

Comcast

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

1029
Q

Comcast

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

1030
Q

Comcast

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

1031
Q

Comcast

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

1032
Q

Comcast

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

1033
Q

Comcast

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

1034
Q

Comcast

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

1035
Q

Comcast

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

1036
Q

Comcast

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

1037
Q

Comcast

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

1038
Q

Comcast

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

1039
Q

Comcast

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

1040
Q

Comcast

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

1041
Q

Comcast

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

1042
Q

Comcast

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

1043
Q

Comcast

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

1044
Q

Comcast

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

1045
Q

Comcast

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

1046
Q

Comcast

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

1047
Q

Comcast

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

1048
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

1049
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

1050
Q

Comcast

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

1051
Q

Comcast

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

1052
Q

Comcast

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

1053
Q

Comcast

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

1054
Q

Comcast

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

1055
Q

Comcast

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

1056
Q

Comcast

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

1057
Q

Comcast

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

1058
Q

Comcast

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

1059
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

1060
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

1061
Q

Comcast

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

1062
Q

Comcast

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

1063
Q

Comcast

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

1064
Q

Comcast

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

1065
Q

Comcast

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

1066
Q

Comcast

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

1067
Q

Comcast

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1068
Q

Comcast

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1069
Q

Comcast

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

1070
Q

Comcast

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

1071
Q

Comcast

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

1072
Q

Comcast

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

1073
Q

Comcast

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

1074
Q

Comcast

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

1075
Q

Comcast

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

1076
Q

Comcast

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

1077
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

1078
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

1079
Q

Comcast

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

1080
Q

Comcast

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

1081
Q

Comcast

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

1082
Q

Comcast

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

1083
Q

Comcast

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

1084
Q

Comcast

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

1085
Q

Comcast

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

1086
Q

Comcast

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

1087
Q

Comcast

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

1088
Q

Comcast

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

1089
Q

Comcast

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

1090
Q

Comcast

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

1091
Q

Comcast

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

1092
Q

Comcast

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

1093
Q

Comcast

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

1094
Q

Comcast

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

1095
Q

Comcast

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

1096
Q

Comcast

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

1097
Q

Comcast

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

1098
Q

Comcast

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

1099
Q

Comcast

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

1100
Q

Comcast

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

1101
Q

Comcast

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

1102
Q

Comcast

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

1103
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

1104
Q

Comcast

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

1105
Q

Comcast

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

1106
Q

Comcast

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

1107
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

1108
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

1109
Q

Comcast

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

1110
Q

Comcast

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

1111
Q

Comcast

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

1112
Q

Comcast

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

1113
Q

Comcast

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

1114
Q

Comcast

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

1115
Q

Comcast

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

1116
Q

Comcast

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

1117
Q

Comcast

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

1118
Q

Comcast

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

1119
Q

Comcast

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

1120
Q

Comcast

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

1121
Q

Comcast

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

1122
Q

Comcast

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

1123
Q

Comcast

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

1124
Q

Comcast

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

1125
Q

Comcast

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

1126
Q

Comcast

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

1127
Q

Comcast

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

1128
Q

Comcast

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

1129
Q

Comcast

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

1130
Q

Comcast

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

1131
Q

Comcast

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

1132
Q

Comcast

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

1133
Q

Comcast

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

1134
Q

Comcast

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

1135
Q

Comcast

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

1136
Q

Comcast

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

1137
Q

Comcast

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

1138
Q

Comcast

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

1139
Q

Comcast

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

1140
Q

Comcast

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

1141
Q

Comcast

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

1142
Q

Comcast

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

1143
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

1144
Q

Comcast

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

1145
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

1146
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

1147
Q

Comcast

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

1148
Q

Comcast

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

1149
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

1150
Q

Comcast

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

1151
Q

Comcast

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

1152
Q

Comcast

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

1153
Q

Comcast

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

1154
Q

Comcast

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

1155
Q

Comcast

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

1156
Q

Comcast

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

1157
Q

Comcast

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

1158
Q

Comcast

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

1159
Q

Comcast

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

1160
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

1161
Q

Comcast

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

1162
Q

Comcast

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

1163
Q

Comcast

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

1164
Q

Comcast

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

1165
Q

Comcast

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

1166
Q

Comcast

NE

A

Network Elements

1167
Q

Comcast

MIB

A

Management Information Base

1168
Q

Comcast

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

1169
Q

Comcast

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

1170
Q

Comcast

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

1171
Q

Comcast

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

1172
Q

Comcast

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

1173
Q

Comcast

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

1174
Q

Comcast

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

1175
Q

Comcast

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

1176
Q

Comcast

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

1177
Q

Comcast

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

1178
Q

Comcast

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

1179
Q

Comcast

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

1180
Q

Comcast

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

1181
Q

Comcast

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

1182
Q

Comcast

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

1183
Q

Comcast

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1184
Q

Comcast

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1185
Q

Comcast

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

1186
Q

Comcast

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

1187
Q

Comcast

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

1188
Q

Comcast

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

1189
Q

Comcast

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

1190
Q

Comcast

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

1191
Q

Comcast

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

1192
Q

Comcast

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

1193
Q

Comcast

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

1194
Q

Comcast

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

1195
Q

Comcast

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

1196
Q

Comcast

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

1197
Q

Comcast

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

1198
Q

Comcast

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

1199
Q

Comcast

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

1200
Q

Comcast

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

1201
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

1202
Q

Comcast

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

1203
Q

Comcast

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

1204
Q

Comcast

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

1205
Q

Comcast

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

1206
Q

Comcast

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

1207
Q

Comcast

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

1208
Q

Comcast

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

1209
Q

Comcast

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

1210
Q

Comcast

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

1211
Q

Comcast

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

1212
Q

Comcast

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

1213
Q

Comcast

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

1214
Q

Comcast

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

1215
Q

Comcast

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

1216
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

1217
Q

Comcast

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

1218
Q

Comcast

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

1219
Q

Comcast

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

1220
Q

Comcast

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

1221
Q

Comcast

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

1222
Q

Comcast

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

1223
Q

Comcast

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

1224
Q

Comcast

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

1225
Q

Comcast

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

1226
Q

Comcast

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

1227
Q

Comcast

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

1228
Q

Comcast

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

1229
Q

Comcast

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

1230
Q

Comcast

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

1231
Q

Comcast

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

1232
Q

Comcast

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

1233
Q

Comcast

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

1234
Q

Comcast

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

1235
Q

Comcast

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

1236
Q

Comcast

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

1237
Q

Comcast

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

1238
Q

Comcast

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

1239
Q

Comcast

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

1240
Q

Comcast

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

1241
Q

Comcast

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

1242
Q

Comcast

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

1243
Q

Comcast

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

1244
Q

Comcast

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

1245
Q

Comcast

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

1246
Q

Comcast

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

1247
Q

Comcast

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

1248
Q

Comcast

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

1249
Q

Comcast

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

1250
Q

Comcast

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

1251
Q

Comcast

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

1252
Q

Comcast

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

1253
Q

Comcast

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

1254
Q

Comcast

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

1255
Q

Comcast

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

1256
Q

Comcast

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

1257
Q

Comcast

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

1258
Q

Comcast

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

1259
Q

Comcast

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

1260
Q

Comcast

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

1261
Q

Comcast

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

1262
Q

Comcast

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

1263
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

1264
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

1265
Q

Comcast

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

1266
Q

Comcast

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

1267
Q

Comcast

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

1268
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

1269
Q

Comcast

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

1270
Q

Comcast

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

1271
Q

Comcast

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

1272
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

1273
Q

Comcast

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

1274
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

1275
Q

Comcast

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

1276
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

1277
Q

Comcast

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

1278
Q

Comcast

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

1279
Q

Comcast

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

1280
Q

Comcast

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

1281
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

1282
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

1283
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

1284
Q

Comcast

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

1285
Q

Comcast

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

1286
Q

Comcast

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

1287
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

1288
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

1289
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

1290
Q

Comcast

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

1291
Q

Comcast

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

1292
Q

Comcast

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

1293
Q

Comcast

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

1294
Q

Comcast

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

1295
Q

Comcast

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

1296
Q

Comcast

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

1297
Q

Comcast

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

1298
Q

Comcast

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

1299
Q

Comcast

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

1300
Q

Comcast

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

1301
Q

Comcast

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

1302
Q

Comcast

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

1303
Q

Comcast

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

1304
Q

Comcast

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

1305
Q

Comcast

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

1306
Q

Comcast

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

1307
Q

Comcast

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

1308
Q

Comcast

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

1309
Q

Comcast

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

1310
Q

Comcast

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

1311
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

1312
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

1313
Q

Comcast

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

1314
Q

Comcast

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

1315
Q

Comcast

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

1316
Q

Comcast

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

1317
Q

Comcast

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

1318
Q

Comcast

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

1319
Q

Comcast

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

1320
Q

Comcast

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

1321
Q

Comcast

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

1322
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

1323
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

1324
Q

Comcast

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

1325
Q

Comcast

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

1326
Q

Comcast

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

1327
Q

Comcast

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

1328
Q

Comcast

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

1329
Q

Comcast

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

1330
Q

Comcast

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1331
Q

Comcast

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1332
Q

Comcast

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

1333
Q

Comcast

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

1334
Q

Comcast

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

1335
Q

Comcast

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

1336
Q

Comcast

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

1337
Q

Comcast

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

1338
Q

Comcast

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

1339
Q

Comcast

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

1340
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

1341
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

1342
Q

Comcast

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

1343
Q

Comcast

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

1344
Q

Comcast

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

1345
Q

Comcast

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

1346
Q

Comcast

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

1347
Q

Comcast

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

1348
Q

Comcast

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

1349
Q

Comcast

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

1350
Q

Comcast

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

1351
Q

Comcast

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

1352
Q

Comcast

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

1353
Q

Comcast

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

1354
Q

Comcast

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

1355
Q

Comcast

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

1356
Q

Comcast

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

1357
Q

Comcast

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

1358
Q

Comcast

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

1359
Q

Comcast

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

1360
Q

Comcast

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

1361
Q

Comcast

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

1362
Q

Comcast

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

1363
Q

Comcast

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

1364
Q

Comcast

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

1365
Q

Comcast

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

1366
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

1367
Q

Comcast

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

1368
Q

Comcast

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

1369
Q

Comcast

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

1370
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

1371
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

1372
Q

Comcast

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

1373
Q

Comcast

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

1374
Q

Comcast

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

1375
Q

Comcast

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

1376
Q

Comcast

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

1377
Q

Comcast

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

1378
Q

Comcast

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

1379
Q

Comcast

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

1380
Q

Comcast

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

1381
Q

Comcast

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

1382
Q

Comcast

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

1383
Q

Comcast

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

1384
Q

Comcast

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

1385
Q

Comcast

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

1386
Q

Comcast

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

1387
Q

Comcast

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

1388
Q

Comcast

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

1389
Q

Comcast

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

1390
Q

Comcast

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

1391
Q

Comcast

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

1392
Q

Comcast

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

1393
Q

Comcast

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

1394
Q

Comcast

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

1395
Q

Comcast

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

1396
Q

Comcast

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

1397
Q

Comcast

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

1398
Q

Comcast

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

1399
Q

Comcast

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

1400
Q

Comcast

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

1401
Q

Comcast

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

1402
Q

Comcast

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

1403
Q

Comcast

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

1404
Q

Comcast

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

1405
Q

Comcast

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

1406
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

1407
Q

Comcast

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

1408
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

1409
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

1410
Q

Comcast

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

1411
Q

Comcast

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

1412
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

1413
Q

Comcast

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

1414
Q

Comcast

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

1415
Q

Comcast

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

1416
Q

Comcast

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

1417
Q

Comcast

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

1418
Q

Comcast

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

1419
Q

Comcast

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

1420
Q

Comcast

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

1421
Q

Comcast

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

1422
Q

Comcast

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

1423
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

1424
Q

Comcast

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

1425
Q

Comcast

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

1426
Q

Comcast

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

1427
Q

Comcast

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

1428
Q

Comcast

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

1429
Q

Comcast

NE

A

Network Elements

1430
Q

Comcast

MIB

A

Management Information Base

1431
Q

Comcast

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

1432
Q

Comcast

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

1433
Q

Comcast

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

1434
Q

Comcast

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

1435
Q

Comcast

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

1436
Q

Comcast

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

1437
Q

Comcast

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

1438
Q

Comcast

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

1439
Q

Comcast

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

1440
Q

Comcast

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

1441
Q

Comcast

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

1442
Q

Comcast

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

1443
Q

Comcast

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

1444
Q

Comcast

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

1445
Q

Comcast

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

1446
Q

Comcast

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1447
Q

Comcast

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1448
Q

Comcast

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

1449
Q

Comcast

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

1450
Q

Comcast

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

1451
Q

Comcast

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

1452
Q

Comcast

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

1453
Q

Comcast

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

1454
Q

Comcast

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

1455
Q

Comcast

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

1456
Q

Comcast

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

1457
Q

Comcast

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

1458
Q

Comcast

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

1459
Q

Comcast

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

1460
Q

Comcast

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

1461
Q

Comcast

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

1462
Q

Comcast

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

1463
Q

Comcast

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

1464
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

1465
Q

Comcast

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

1466
Q

Comcast

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

1467
Q

Comcast

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

1468
Q

Comcast

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

1469
Q

Comcast

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

1470
Q

Comcast

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

1471
Q

Comcast

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

1472
Q

Comcast

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

1473
Q

Comcast

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

1474
Q

Comcast

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

1475
Q

Comcast

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

1476
Q

Comcast

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

1477
Q

Comcast

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

1478
Q

Comcast

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

1479
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

1480
Q

Comcast

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

1481
Q

Comcast

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

1482
Q

Comcast

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

1483
Q

Comcast

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

1484
Q

Comcast

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

1485
Q

Comcast

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

1486
Q

Comcast

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

1487
Q

Comcast

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

1488
Q

Comcast

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

1489
Q

Comcast

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

1490
Q

Comcast

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

1491
Q

Comcast

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

1492
Q

Comcast

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

1493
Q

Comcast

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

1494
Q

Comcast

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

1495
Q

Comcast

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

1496
Q

Comcast

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

1497
Q

Comcast

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

1498
Q

Comcast

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

1499
Q

Comcast

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

1500
Q

Comcast

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

1501
Q

Comcast

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

1502
Q

Comcast

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

1503
Q

Comcast

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

1504
Q

Comcast

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

1505
Q

Comcast

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

1506
Q

Comcast

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

1507
Q

Comcast

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

1508
Q

Comcast

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

1509
Q

Comcast

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

1510
Q

Comcast

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

1511
Q

Comcast

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

1512
Q

Comcast

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

1513
Q

Comcast

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

1514
Q

Comcast

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

1515
Q

Comcast

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

1516
Q

Comcast

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

1517
Q

Comcast

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

1518
Q

Comcast

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

1519
Q

Comcast

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

1520
Q

Comcast

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

1521
Q

Comcast

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

1522
Q

Comcast

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

1523
Q

Comcast

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

1524
Q

Comcast

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

1525
Q

Comcast

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

1526
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

1527
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

1528
Q

Comcast

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

1529
Q

Comcast

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

1530
Q

Comcast

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

1531
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

1532
Q

Comcast

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

1533
Q

Comcast

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

1534
Q

Comcast

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

1535
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

1536
Q

Comcast

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

1537
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

1538
Q

Comcast

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

1539
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

1540
Q

Comcast

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

1541
Q

Comcast

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

1542
Q

Comcast

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

1543
Q

Comcast

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

1544
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

1545
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

1546
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

1547
Q

Comcast

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

1548
Q

Comcast

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

1549
Q

Comcast

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

1550
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

1551
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

1552
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

1553
Q

Comcast

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

1554
Q

Comcast

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

1555
Q

Comcast

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

1556
Q

Comcast

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

1557
Q

Comcast

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

1558
Q

Comcast

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

1559
Q

Comcast

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

1560
Q

Comcast

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

1561
Q

Comcast

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

1562
Q

Comcast

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

1563
Q

Comcast

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

1564
Q

Comcast

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

1565
Q

Comcast

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

1566
Q

Comcast

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

1567
Q

Comcast

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

1568
Q

Comcast

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

1569
Q

Comcast

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

1570
Q

Comcast

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

1571
Q

Comcast

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

1572
Q

Comcast

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

1573
Q

Comcast

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

1574
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

1575
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

1576
Q

Comcast

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

1577
Q

Comcast

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

1578
Q

Comcast

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

1579
Q

Comcast

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

1580
Q

Comcast

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

1581
Q

Comcast

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

1582
Q

Comcast

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

1583
Q

Comcast

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

1584
Q

Comcast

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

1585
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

1586
Q

Comcast

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

1587
Q

Comcast

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

1588
Q

Comcast

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

1589
Q

Comcast

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

1590
Q

Comcast

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

1591
Q

Comcast

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

1592
Q

Comcast

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

1593
Q

Comcast

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1594
Q

Comcast

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1595
Q

Comcast

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

1596
Q

Comcast

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

1597
Q

Comcast

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

1598
Q

Comcast

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

1599
Q

Comcast

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

1600
Q

Comcast

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

1601
Q

Comcast

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

1602
Q

Comcast

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

1603
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

1604
Q

Comcast

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

1605
Q

Comcast

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

1606
Q

Comcast

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

1607
Q

Comcast

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

1608
Q

Comcast

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

1609
Q

Comcast

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

1610
Q

Comcast

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

1611
Q

Comcast

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

1612
Q

Comcast

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

1613
Q

Comcast

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

1614
Q

Comcast

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

1615
Q

Comcast

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

1616
Q

Comcast

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

1617
Q

Comcast

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

1618
Q

Comcast

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

1619
Q

Comcast

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

1620
Q

Comcast

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

1621
Q

Comcast

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

1622
Q

Comcast

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

1623
Q

Comcast

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

1624
Q

Comcast

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

1625
Q

Comcast

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

1626
Q

Comcast

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

1627
Q

Comcast

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

1628
Q

Comcast

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

1629
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

1630
Q

Comcast

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

1631
Q

Comcast

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

1632
Q

Comcast

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

1633
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

1634
Q

Comcast

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

1635
Q

Comcast

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

1636
Q

Comcast

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

1637
Q

Comcast

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

1638
Q

Comcast

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

1639
Q

Comcast

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

1640
Q

Comcast

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

1641
Q

Comcast

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

1642
Q

Comcast

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

1643
Q

Comcast

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

1644
Q

Comcast

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

1645
Q

Comcast

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

1646
Q

Comcast

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

1647
Q

Comcast

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

1648
Q

Comcast

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

1649
Q

Comcast

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

1650
Q

Comcast

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

1651
Q

Comcast

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

1652
Q

Comcast

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

1653
Q

Comcast

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

1654
Q

Comcast

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

1655
Q

Comcast

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

1656
Q

Comcast

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

1657
Q

Comcast

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

1658
Q

Comcast

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

1659
Q

Comcast

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

1660
Q

Comcast

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

1661
Q

Comcast

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

1662
Q

Comcast

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

1663
Q

Comcast

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

1664
Q

Comcast

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

1665
Q

Comcast

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

1666
Q

Comcast

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

1667
Q

Comcast

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

1668
Q

Comcast

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

1669
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

1670
Q

Comcast

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

1671
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

1672
Q

Comcast

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

1673
Q

Comcast

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

1674
Q

Comcast

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

1675
Q

Comcast

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

1676
Q

Comcast

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

1677
Q

Comcast

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

1678
Q

Comcast

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

1679
Q

Comcast

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

1680
Q

Comcast

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

1681
Q

Comcast

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

1682
Q

Comcast

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

1683
Q

Comcast

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

1684
Q

Comcast

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

1685
Q

Comcast

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

1686
Q

Comcast

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

1687
Q

Comcast

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

1688
Q

Comcast

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

1689
Q

Comcast

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

1690
Q

Comcast

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

1691
Q

Comcast

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

1692
Q

Comcast

NE

A

Network Elements

1693
Q

Comcast

MIB

A

Management Information Base

1694
Q

Comcast

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

1695
Q

Comcast

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

1696
Q

Comcast

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

1697
Q

Comcast

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

1698
Q

Comcast

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

1699
Q

Comcast

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

1700
Q

Comcast

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

1701
Q

Comcast

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

1702
Q

Comcast

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

1703
Q

Comcast

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

1704
Q

Comcast

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

1705
Q

Comcast

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

1706
Q

Comcast

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

1707
Q

Comcast

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

1708
Q

Comcast

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

1709
Q

Comcast

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1710
Q

Comcast

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1711
Q

Comcast

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

1712
Q

Comcast

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

1713
Q

Comcast

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

1714
Q

Comcast

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

1715
Q

Comcast

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

1716
Q

Comcast

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

1717
Q

Comcast

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

1718
Q

Comcast

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

1719
Q

Comcast

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

1720
Q

Comcast

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

1721
Q

Comcast

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

1722
Q

Comcast

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

1723
Q

Comcast

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

1724
Q

Comcast

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

1725
Q

Comcast

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

1726
Q

Comcast

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

1727
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

1728
Q

Comcast

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

1729
Q

Comcast

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

1730
Q

Comcast

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

1731
Q

Comcast

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

1732
Q

Comcast

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

1733
Q

Comcast

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

1734
Q

Comcast

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

1735
Q

Comcast

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

1736
Q

Comcast

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

1737
Q

Comcast

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

1738
Q

Comcast

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

1739
Q

Comcast

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

1740
Q

Comcast

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

1741
Q

Comcast

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

1742
Q

Comcast

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

1743
Q

Comcast

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

1744
Q

Comcast

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

1745
Q

Comcast

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

1746
Q

Comcast

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

1747
Q

Comcast

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

1748
Q

Comcast

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

1749
Q

Comcast

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

1750
Q

Comcast

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

1751
Q

Comcast

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

1752
Q

Comcast

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

1753
Q

Comcast

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

1754
Q

Comcast

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

1755
Q

Comcast

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

1756
Q

Comcast

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

1757
Q

Comcast

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

1758
Q

Comcast

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

1759
Q

Comcast

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

1760
Q

Comcast

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

1761
Q

Comcast

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

1762
Q

Comcast

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

1763
Q

Comcast

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

1764
Q

Comcast

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

1765
Q

Comcast

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

1766
Q

Comcast

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

1767
Q

Comcast

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

1768
Q

Comcast

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

1769
Q

Comcast

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

1770
Q

Comcast

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

1771
Q

Comcast

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

1772
Q

Comcast

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

1773
Q

Comcast

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

1774
Q

Comcast

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

1775
Q

Comcast

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

1776
Q

Comcast

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

1777
Q

Comcast

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

1778
Q

Comcast

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

1779
Q

Comcast

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

1780
Q

Comcast

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

1781
Q

Comcast

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

1782
Q

Comcast

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

1783
Q

Comcast

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

1784
Q

Comcast

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

1785
Q

Comcast

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

1786
Q

Comcast

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

1787
Q

Comcast

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

1788
Q

Comcast

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

1789
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

1790
Q

Comcast

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

1791
Q

Comcast

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

1792
Q

Comcast

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

1793
Q

Comcast

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

1794
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

1795
Q

Comcast

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

1796
Q

Comcast

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

1797
Q

Comcast

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

1798
Q

Comcast

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

1799
Q

Comcast

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

1800
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

1801
Q

Comcast

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

1802
Q

Comcast

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

1803
Q

Comcast

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

1804
Q

Comcast

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

1805
Q

Comcast

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

1806
Q

Comcast

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

1807
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

1808
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

1809
Q

Comcast

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

1810
Q

Comcast

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

1811
Q

Comcast

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

1812
Q

Comcast

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

1813
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

1814
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

1815
Q

Comcast

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

1816
Q

Comcast

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

1817
Q

Comcast

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

1818
Q

Comcast

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

1819
Q

Comcast

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

1820
Q

Comcast

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

1821
Q

Comcast

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

1822
Q

Comcast

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

1823
Q

Comcast

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

1824
Q

Comcast

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

1825
Q

Comcast

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

1826
Q

Comcast

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

1827
Q

Comcast

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

1828
Q

Comcast

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

1829
Q

Comcast

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

1830
Q

Comcast

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

1831
Q

Comcast

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

1832
Q

Comcast

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

1833
Q

Comcast

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

1834
Q

Comcast

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

1835
Q

Comcast

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

1836
Q

Comcast

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

1837
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

1838
Q

Comcast

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

1839
Q

Comcast

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

1840
Q

Comcast

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

1841
Q

Comcast

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

1842
Q

The topology where signals originate in the headend andare transmitted long distances via trunk cables

A

Tree and Branch

1843
Q

A network architecture that typically uses fiber optic cables to bring signals to selected areas of the system called nodes

A

Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC)

1844
Q

Bi-annual tests, performed in the headend and at a number of end-of-line location

A

FCC Proof-of-Performance

1845
Q

The cumulative effect of return path distortions they are added to the signal at various locations in the coaxial portion of the network.

A

Funnel Effect

1846
Q

Specifications standards approved by the FCC in 1953for commercial analog color TV broadcasting.

A

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)

1847
Q

a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum whose frequencies are well suited for transmitting and receiving Telecommunications signals through the air.

A

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

1848
Q

Signals that flow downstream, from the headend to the network.

A

Forwards (Downstream) Signals

1849
Q

Signals that flow in the upstream direction, from customer to headend

A

Revers (upstream) Signals

1850
Q

Device that separates or combines based on frequency.

A

Diplex Filter

1851
Q

typical cutoff frequency for a sub-split diplex filter

A

About 50 MHz

1852
Q

The three major concerns/ limitations of the tree andbranch architecture are:

A

BandwidthImpairmentsDependency on Power

1853
Q

The lowest possible power level determined by the thermal noise generated within the electrical componentsbeing tested

A

Noise Floor

1854
Q

The highest power level (amplitude) reached by a carrier

A

Peak

1855
Q

A clustering of beats 1.25 MHz above the visual carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)

1856
Q

A form of interference or noise resulting from the mixingof all of the various carriers in a CATV network

A

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1857
Q

Two major types of distortions that are typically associated with CATV

A

Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

1858
Q

The 6 benefits of implementing fiber optics in broadband networks

A

Enhances Picture QualityIncreased ReliabilityDecreased cost of system maintenanceCost effective system bandwidth upgradesCost means of system upgrade requiring a complete change our of electronicsSmall segmented areas allow greater return path functionality

1859
Q

Having or relating to a frequency below the audibility range of the human ear.

A

Infrasonic

1860
Q

A stream of atomic nuclei that enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space at speeds approaching that of light

A

Cosmic Rays

1861
Q

Frequency range of satellite systems

A

4GHz to 13GHz

1862
Q

The wavelengths most commonly used by the CATVindustry

A

1310nm and 1550nm

1863
Q

The type of fiber optic cable that the broadband industry uses

A

Single Mode Fiber

1864
Q

The process of combining multiple carriers onto a single medium

A

Multiplexing

1865
Q

Width of the Fiber optic core

A

8-10um

1866
Q

Width of the fiber optic cladding

A

125um

1867
Q

Width of the fiber optic coating

A

250um

1868
Q

Combines multiple optical signals in order to amplify them as a group and transported over a single fiber

A

Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

1869
Q

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a centerwavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber.

A

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

1870
Q

Three parts of the optical link

A

Fiber Optic CableTransmitter (Laser)Receiver (Node)

1871
Q

Individual fibers are bundled and then placed into these to reduce the possibility of damage

A

Buffer Tubes

1872
Q

This diode changes the RF signals to pulsesof light and then transmits them onto an optical fiber

A

Semiconductor Laser Diode

1873
Q

The Three types of optical transmitters that are typically used in broadband HFC Network

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P)Distributed Feedback (DFB)Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

1874
Q

YAG

A

Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet

1875
Q

DFB

A

Distributed Feedback

1876
Q

F-P

A

Fabry-Perot

1877
Q

A spare fiber installed during the construction of the network that was reserved for future use.

A

Dark Fiber

1878
Q

Three advantages of trunk reduction

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system into smaller areasImproved picture Quality

1879
Q

FTTF

A

Fiber to the Feeder

1880
Q

Advantages of FTTF

A

Shorter CascadesFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intosmaller areas.Increased Bandwidth

1881
Q

FTTC

A

Fiber to the Curb

1882
Q

PON

A

Passive Optical Network

1883
Q

Consists of a transmitter at the Headend and a receiver near the subscriber. Requires a power supply near the node but all other actives have been removed

A

FTTC PON

1884
Q

4 advantages of FTTC

A

No active devices after nodeNo CascadeFewer/smaller outages due to segmenting the system intovery small areasIncreased Bandwidth

1885
Q

A fiber-based network which uses passive splitters todeliver signals to multiple locations

A

Passive Optical Network (PON)

1886
Q

FTTH

A

Fiber to the Home

1887
Q

6 advantages of FTTH

A

Passive networkSingle fiber is dedicated to each subscriberFeatures local battery backup, no large remote power supplies are required.No exterior active devicesNo CascadesIncreased Bandwidth

1888
Q

This will ALWAYS be considered the “Backbone” in an HFC Network

A

The Fiber Network

1889
Q

A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network

A

Backbone

1890
Q

The duplication of certain pieces and/or portions of thenetwork.

A

Redundancy

1891
Q

Comcast’s goal for network reliability

A

“four-nines” or 99.99%

1892
Q

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headendsmay be connected with fiber optic cables to provideredundancy or increase services

A

Ring Architecture

1893
Q

Builds upon ring technology by adding a second (redundant) ring connecting the nodes to the headend. The second ring typically takes a different path

A

Ring within a Ring

1894
Q

A facility between the headend and the customer that performs many of the functions of a headend

A

Hubsite

1895
Q

Similar in function to a hubsite, but serving fewer customers

A

Optical Transition Node (OTN)

1896
Q

Usually a passive device such as a splitter or directional coupler used to combine radio frequency signals from one source with those from another

A

RF Combiner

1897
Q

Usually a passive device that divides a signal into two equal paths. It may be found on trunk, feeder, or drop cable.

A

RF Splitter

1898
Q

Device used to combine the channels for entry onto the cable or fiber optic transmitter

A

Headend Combiner

1899
Q

The difference, in dB, of a signal level, injected into one output port, and the measured level of that same signal on another output port, with the input port properly terminated.

A

Port-to-port isolation

1900
Q

Obtained by measuring the attenuation between the two output ports (A and B) when the common port (input port) is terminated in the correct value of impedance. An RF generator signal is applied to port A and an RF voltmeter reading is taken at Port B.

A

Isolation

1901
Q

Provision for connection to a device such as a tap, splitter, set-top box or computer

A

Port

1902
Q

Used to combine all of the signals to be carried over the cable system into a single medium (cable) for routing to the laser transmitters that are feeding the optical nodes in the system

A

Headend Combining Network

1903
Q

A measurement of the reflected signal compared to that of the incident signal

A

Return Loss

1904
Q

Device used to divide or combine light carriers on fiber optic cables.

A

Optical Splitter

1905
Q

A discontinuous signal whose various states are discrete intervals apart.

A

Digital Signal

1906
Q

Device used to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.

A

Digitizer

1907
Q

takes an amplitude measurement of the waveform at fixed intervals of time, and converts them to a binary number

A

Digitizer

1908
Q

The smallest unit of computerized data. Bits are defined as single characters of 0 or 1. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-persecond.

A

Binary Digit (Bit)

1909
Q

A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.

A

Byte

1910
Q

The number of changed states that can occur per second.

A

Baud

1911
Q

The value of “On” in a binary system

A

“1”

1912
Q

The value of “Off” in a Binary system

A

“0”

1913
Q

How many bits are in a “Nibble”?

A

4

1914
Q

In ASCII #5 alphabet, how man bits are in a byte?

A

7

1915
Q

If start and stop bits are included with Asynchronous Communications, then how many bits are in a byte?

A

10

1916
Q

ADC

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

1917
Q

DAC

A

Digital to Analog Conversion

1918
Q

A continuously varying signal with an unlimited number of possible values of amplitude and frequency.

A

Analog Signal

1919
Q

a non-continuous signal or carrier that changes its output in discreetly timed steps of voltage level and/or phase that can represent numerical values or other information

A

Digital Transmission

1920
Q

3 steps of basic ADC

A

SamplingQuantizationEncoding

1921
Q

The “Measuring” of the analog signal at specific intervals.

A

Sampling

1922
Q

The assigning of a specific value to each of the samples

A

Quantization

1923
Q

The process by which Quantized values are converted into a data or bit stream

A

Encoding

1924
Q

ASK

A

Amplitude Shift Keying

1925
Q

FSK

A

Frequency Shift Keying

1926
Q

QPSK

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

1927
Q

QAM

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

1928
Q

The process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier to be in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating waveform

A

Modulation

1929
Q

Data transmission scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in amplitude

A

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

1930
Q

The carrier frequency is shifted to represent the difference between a one and a zero

A

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

1931
Q

The position on a waveform cycle at a specific point in time. One cycle is defined as 360 degrees of this

A

Phase

1932
Q

Digital modulation scheme wherein the carrier is shifted in 90 degree steps. There are four possible phase states and the magnitude is constant.

A

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

1933
Q

BPSK

A

BiPhase Shift Keying

1934
Q

In QPSK, what does “I” stand for?

A

In-Phase

1935
Q

In QPSK, what does “Q” Stand for?

A

Quadrature - shifted 90* or one quarter of a cycle

1936
Q

A graphic depiction of the four phase states of a Quadrature Phase Shift Key signal.

A

Constellation Diagram

1937
Q

What is the bandwidth of QPSK in a 6MHz bandwidth?

A

10 Mb/s

1938
Q

Digital modulation scheme that changes the phase and the amplitude.

A

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

1939
Q

a digital transmission technology that splits the frequency band into a number of channels. The channels are each assigned a specific time slot, so that several transmissions can share a single channel without interfering with one another

A

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

1940
Q

The digital equivalent to Signal-to-Noise

A

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

1941
Q

A joined or connected group of devices

A

Network

1942
Q

A network of computers linked by cable within a building or office complex.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

1943
Q

A network of multiple locations linked by cable withina city or campus

A

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

1944
Q

A network typically bigger than a city or metropolitan area.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

1945
Q

A data network connects each of its endpoints to the network with a single link. A central device (hub) is used to aggregate and distribute data traffic to all endpoints and/or other central points in what’s referred to as a clustered star.

A

Star

1946
Q

Consists of several star networks that have been linked together

A

Clustered Star

1947
Q

Topology where workstations are connected to the network through a common path

A

Bus

1948
Q

A topology in which a data frame is passed around. As it arrives at an endpoint, the endpoint can either pass it along to the next endpoint or attach information to be sent to a destination

A

Token Ring

1949
Q

A network architecture where nodes, hubs, or headends may be connected with fiber optic cables to provide redundancy or increase services.

A

Ring

1950
Q

A method of data transmission that allows characters to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each character with a 0 and by ending each character with a 1. This is referred to as start (0) and stop bits (1). It is the method, which most PCs use to communicate with each other and mainframes

A

Asynchronous Transmission

1951
Q

An extra bit added to help check if the data that isbeing transferred is correct

A

Parity Bit

1952
Q

The condition that occurs when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other and both are under control of a master clock. Characters are spaced by time, not by start and stop bits.

A

Synchronous Transmission

1953
Q

Synchronizing bits used in synchronous transmission to maintain synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

A

Sync Bits

1954
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

1955
Q

NE

A

Network Elements

1956
Q

MIB

A

Management Information Base

1957
Q

A unique number assigned to a piece of equipmentused for identification purposes.

A

Media Access Control Address (MAC)

1958
Q

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

1959
Q

signaling rate of 10BaseT

A

10 Mb/s

1960
Q

Signaling rate of 100BaseT

A

100 Mb/s

1961
Q

The designation for Ethernet over fiber optic cable, primarily for point-topoint links

A

10Base-F

1962
Q

Ethernet resides in what layers of the OSI model?

A

The 2 lowest levels (layers)

1963
Q

This device works as a multiport signal repeater, broadcasting an incoming signal to all other ports on an ethernet network

A

Ethernet Hub

1964
Q

The four-part numeric address that is assigned to a computer or an account as an identification tool

A

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

1965
Q

IEEE MAC Protocol for Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks; standard for data communicatons over a cable network

A

802.14

1966
Q

The Four original partners of MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Partners Ltd.)

A

Comcast, Cox, TCI and Time Warner

1967
Q

The three companies that joined MCNS in late 1996

A

Media One, Rogers Cablevision and CableLabs

1968
Q

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

1969
Q

When was DOCSIS 1.0 released? (Month & Year)

A

Mar-97

1970
Q

The Leading standard for cable modems

A

DOCSIS

1971
Q

Four devices that must be added to a system to offer high-speed internet

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)CM (Cable Modem)ServersNoise Filters

1972
Q

A unit consisting of various hardware and software entities that acts as the hand-off point between the RF based HFC network and other networks such as theInternet and the PSTN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1973
Q

Used to terminate, manage and translate high-speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a LAN and other devices in a WAN.

A

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

1974
Q

The collection of computers accessed through the Internet. Uses a hypertext based system for finding andaccessing its resources.

A

WWW (World Wide Web)

1975
Q

Four Items that a CMTS manages

A

Time SlotsContention SlotsModem DataTransmit Levels

1976
Q

Each cable modem is assigned one of these by the CMTS and only one modem is allowed to transmit during this.

A

Time Slot

1977
Q

These slots are usually used for short data transmissions such as a request for an additional number of reserved time slots

A

Contention Slots

1978
Q

The signal level that the CMTS wants to “See”

A

0dBmV

1979
Q

A PC on a LAN from which information or applications are requested.

A

Client/Server

1980
Q

A computer circuit board (card) installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network. Provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)

1981
Q

Why is it called a cable “Modem”?

A

When they transmit data they “MOdulate” the data onto a carrier, then receive data and “DEModulate” it from the carrier and send it on to the computer

1982
Q

Four of the most common servers found in a braodband network

A

DHCPTODTFTPProxy

1983
Q

This server sets up the MAC and IP addresses for the cable modem.

A

DHCP Server(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

1984
Q

This server sets up a common clock between the CM and the CMTS

A

TOD Server(Time of Day)

1985
Q

This server allows non-protected file transfers, such as aconfiguration file for a modem.

A

TFTP Server(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

1986
Q

These servers store commonly used (or contractually stored) data. A network may have a series of these servers located in different places.

A

Proxy Server

1987
Q

The two types of noise filters

A

High Pass FilterNotch Filter

1988
Q

These types of filters only allow signals above 50MHz to pass through the filter

A

High Pass Filter

1989
Q

In addition to letting everything above 50 MHz to pass, this filter allows a small spectrum below 50 MHz to pass

A

Notch Filter

1990
Q

The process of setting up the connection between theCMTS and the cable modem, where transmit levels andfrequency are determined.

A

Ranged

1991
Q

A switch or collection of switches connecting multiple networks

A

POP (Point of Presence)

1992
Q

The point of access into theInternet.

A

NAP(Network Access Point)

1993
Q

The company who provides access to the Internet and the World Wide Web, who usually also provides corefeatures such as e-mail.

A

ISPInternet Service Provider

1994
Q

The local, long-distance and internationalphone system in use today

A

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)

1995
Q

This device in the Headend controls the operation of CDV.

A

HDT(Host Digital Terminal)

1996
Q

Three major components of the Host Digital Terminal

A

Access Bandwidth Manager ShelfModem ShelfSpectrum Manager Shelf

1997
Q

This Shelf provides the connection between the Network Interface Unit (NIU) and the switch, or more simply, the connection between the HDT and the LEC

A

ABM(Access Bandwidth Manager)

1998
Q

The point of demarcation between the network and the customer. It contains the modem necessary for telephony over a cable network.

A

NIU(Network Interface Device)

1999
Q

The device that opens or breaks the circuit path in a telephone call. This device looks at the incoming data to determine where the data should get routed.

A

Switch

2000
Q

The local phone company is also known as what?

A

LEC(Local Exchange Carrier

2001
Q

Shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) that converts the digital telephone signals into digital signals that are then modulated onto an RF carrier to be transmitted over the HFC Network.

A

Modem Shelf

2002
Q

This shelf on the HDT (Host Digital Terminal) monitors the RF spectrum allocated for telephone services over the HFC network. If problems are detected, it can switch the data transmission (telephone call) to another frequency.

A

Spectrum Manager

2003
Q

How many subscriber telephone lines can an NIU Handle?

A

4

2004
Q

LPSU

A

Local Power Supply Unit

2005
Q

The process of setting up the connection between the HDT and the NIU, where transmit levels and frequency are determined.

A

Marshalled

2006
Q

Modulating technique that interweaves multiple conversations, based on time.

A

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

2007
Q

The number of the person that youare trying to call.

A

Terminating Number

2008
Q

The phone company of the person you are trying to call.

A

Terminating LEC

2009
Q

The “local” phone office where the subscriber’s lines are connected to the switching equipment.

A

Central Office

2010
Q

What is “7” equal to in binary?

A

111

2011
Q

64 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

52

2012
Q

16 QAM has how many phase angles?

A

10

2013
Q

The distance between two points of like phasein a wave.

A

Wavelength

2014
Q

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light.

A

Photosensitive Card

2015
Q

ANSI Laser standard that separates lasers into various classes that take into consideration the operating wavelength, output power level and whether the laser operates as a continuous or pulsed light output

A

Z-136

2016
Q

Four nines works out to how many minutes of down time per month?

A

4.5 minutes

2017
Q

loss of service to ourcustomers due to a fault in thedelivery network.

A

Outage

2018
Q

Minimum telephone service to assure a contact in case of an emergency.

A

Lifeline

2019
Q

FCC Standards CFR 47, Part 76.605(a)(1-12)

A

Proof-of-performance (POP) test

2020
Q

A continuous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport.

A

Carrier Frequency

2021
Q

Maximum Bandwidth of 256QAM

A

42.88Mbps

2022
Q

How long must POP tests be kept at the local office?

A

minimum of 5 years

2023
Q

how many test points are required for 1,000 to 12,500 customers?

A

6

2024
Q

How many test points are required for each additional 12,500 customers?

A

1

2025
Q

Channel requirements for POP testing (amount)

A

4 channels plus one additional channel for every 100 MHz.

2026
Q

In a cable system with an upper frequency at 750 MHz, how many test channels must be used?

A

11 Channels

2027
Q

All channels must be tested during these 3 tests.

A

Video Carrier Level, Audio Carrier Level, Video Carrier Level Stability Test

2028
Q

Only one Channel needs to be tested during this non-frequency specific test

A

Hum Modulation

2029
Q

How many digital channels must be tested on an all digital system with an upper frequency of 862MHz?

A

0, digital channels are not included and are not tested.

2030
Q

The amount of channels during these tests are based solely on the highest operating frequency

A

Video-Audio Carrier Frequency SeparationIn-Channel ResponseCarrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances Tests

2031
Q

This test must be performed twice a year, once during the coldest months and again during the warmest (Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug respectively)

A

Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour) test

2032
Q

This POP test must be performed every three years

A

Color Performance test

2033
Q

A circuit that automaticallyadjusts the gain of an amplifier sothat the output signal levels stayconstant despite varying inputlevels.

A

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

2034
Q

a spectrumanalyzer feature that allows theuser to make otherwise intrusiveFCC POP tests in a non-intrusivemanner.

A

Gated Testing

2035
Q

When planning POP tests, these four things need to be considered

A

Test timesChannels and programming affected by testingTest lengthsAbility to perform non-intrusive gated testing

2036
Q

This test is usually performed by a Headend tech rather than a System Tech

A

Color Performance

2037
Q

What would a Discrepancy statement include?

A

Explain all possible misinterpreted fails, such as test point relocation, added channels, encoding issues and so on.

2038
Q

POP measurements are to be taken at what location?

A

Input to the subscriber terminal

2039
Q

EIA

A

Electronic Industry Association

2040
Q

What must an operator do in order to pass the receivability test?

A

Submit documentation showing that their channel lineup conforms to the EIA Channel allocation plan

2041
Q

What does the Audio Carrier Frequency Test ensure

A

That the audio carrier frequency for each channel must be 4.5MHz above the video carrier frequency, +/- 5kHz

2042
Q

Where is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed at?

A

The Headend as well as the field test points

2043
Q

How many times a year is the Audio Carrier Frequency test performed?

A

Twice annually

2044
Q

What type of set-top box can alter the Audio Carrier Frequency?

A

Baseband set-top boxes (as opposed to non-baseband)

2045
Q

What six measurements are taken during the 24-hour test?

A

Minimum Visual Signal LevelVisual Signal changeAdjacent Visual SignalAny Other Visual Signal in BandwidthVisual Carrier LevelAudio Carrier Level

2046
Q

The six measurements that are taken during the 24-hour test are performed on what channels?

A

All NTSC Channels at each test point location

2047
Q

What is the Minimum Visual Signal Level allowed at the end of a 30-meter (100’) cable drop that is connected to the subscriber tap?

A

1.41mV across an internal impedance of 75 ohms (+3dBmV(CT 5-3-22)

2048
Q

The square root of the sum ofthe squares of the amplitudes ofindividual components of afunction, such as the frequencycomponents of a signal.

A

Root Mean Square (RMS)

2049
Q

Maximum variation of each channel within any six-month period at the end of a 30-meter drop cable

A

8dB

2050
Q

Adjacent Visual Signal deviation of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency separation

A

3dB

2051
Q

What is the maximum “spread” or deviation among ALL channel levels in a 300MHz cable system and what is the incremental increase

A

10dB1db per 100MHz

2052
Q

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level?

A

between 10dB and 17dB below the visual signal level

2053
Q

At what level must the aural signal be maintained in association with the visual signal level on a baseband converter.

A

between 6.5dB and 17dB below the visual signal level.

2054
Q

In a 24-hour test, how many times must the signal level be checked?

A

four times

2055
Q

What are the time intervals of the 24-hour test?

A

5 to 7 hours

2056
Q

at what frequency is the In-Channel Response test performed?

A

.75MHz to 5Mhz above the lower frequency boundary of the cable channel under test

2057
Q

What is the FCC In-Channel Response requirement?

A

+/-2dB or 4dB peak-to-valley

2058
Q

To perform this test, a signal must be inserted on the channel, either by the headend technician or by other means

A

In-Channel Response Test

2059
Q

FCC Requirement for C/N

A

43dB at each test point

2060
Q

What are the three type of coherent disturbances?

A

Composite Second Order (CSO)Composite Triple Beat (CTB)Other interfering signals (i.e. Ingress)

2061
Q

What is the FCC requirement for Coherent Disturbances?

A

51dB below the desired carrier level for STD plans and 47dB in IRC and HRC systems

2062
Q

The goal of this test is to find the worst beat or interfering signal, regardless of it’s type

A

Coherent Disturbances Test

2063
Q

FCC requirement for isolation

A

18dB

2064
Q

Because the FCC allows you to submit manufacturers specifications to prove compliance, you rarely need to perform this test:

A

Terminal Isolation Test

2065
Q

FCC requirement for Hum Modulation

A

less that 3% of the video carrier level.

2066
Q

Where is the Hum Modulation test done?

A

the end of a 30m or 100’ drop

2067
Q

how many channels is the Hum Modulation test performed on?

A

One channel per test point

2068
Q

How many channels is the Coherent Disturbance test performed on?

A

Dependent on highest frequency

2069
Q

What are the three Color Performance tests?

A

Chrominance to Luminance Delay InequalityDifferential GainDifferential Phase

2070
Q

FCC Spec for Chrominance to Luminance Delay test

A

Within 170 nanoseconds

2071
Q

FCC Spec for Differential Gain

A

Within +/-20%

2072
Q

FCC Spec for Differential Phase

A

Within +/-10 degrees

2073
Q

Who usually performs the color performance tests?

A

The Headend Technician

2074
Q

How many channels are recommended to be tested during the Color Performance test?

A

All NTSC or similar channels

2075
Q

How often are the Color Performance Test performed?

A

once every three years

2076
Q

Allowable signal leakage level below 54MHz

A

Up to 15uV/m @ 30m

2077
Q

Allowable signal leakage level between 54MHz and 216 MHz

A

up to 20uV/m @ 3m

2078
Q

Allowable signal leakage above 216MHz

A

up to 15uV/m @30m

2079
Q

The two types of leakage monitoring frequency.

A

Continuous MonitoringQuarterly Monitoring

2080
Q

Two types of annual leakage monitoring methods

A

Ground BasedFlyover

2081
Q

What is the minimum cable strand sample allowed during a ground based leakage measurement?

A

75%

2082
Q

What leaks are included in the CLI calculation?

A

All leaks 50uV or greater

2083
Q

what is the elevation that a flyover is completed at? (in meters)

A

450m(1476’)

2084
Q

Two requirements for monitoring of plant with a handheld signal leakage detector

A

-Must be properly calibrated to detect a leak of 20uV/m or greater @ 3m-Perform all measurements with a horizontally polarized dipole antenna, preferably located no more than 3m from the leak and 3m from the ground

2085
Q

What does a Spectrum Analyzer Display?

A

information in the amplitude (vertical) vs. frequency (horizontal) domain over the entire spectrum or portions of it.

2086
Q

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

A

Analogous

2087
Q

This filter has a bell-curved “shape,” which it applies to all energy passing through it.

A

Resolution Bandwidth Filter (RBW)

2088
Q

This is a low-pass filter at the analyzer detector’s output. This filter takes the RF energy associated with the video modulation on the carrier that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out

A

Video Bandwidth Filter (VBW)(CT 5-3-39)

2089
Q

The signal to an analyzer is injected here

A

RF Input

2090
Q

Used when accessing analyzer’s gated mode, such as in the C/N POP test

A

TV Input Connector

2091
Q

The main setting and adjustment keys for the analyzer functions and the display. These keys are most often used in the analyzer’s manual testing modes

A

Function Keys

2092
Q

Additional keys whose action changes depending on the selected analyzer mode or function. Most often used in the analyzer’s automated testing modes

A

Softkeys

2093
Q

The principal keys useed in the analyzer’s manual modes of operation. They represent the three most basic functions of any spectrum analyzer

A

Frequency, Span and Amplitude keys

2094
Q

Adjusts the value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Adjustment Knob

2095
Q

Adjust value or amount in incremental steps for the selected function or measurement

A

Step Key

2096
Q

Allows direct input of a specific value or amount for the selected function or measurement

A

Numeric Keypad

2097
Q

Sets the type of measurement unit, such as kHz or MHz, for the selected function or measurement

A

Measurement units’ keys

2098
Q

Marker function and trace control keys

A

Access marker functions and set trace control functions such as display line, RBW and VBW

2099
Q

Sets analyzer modes, presets and stores or recalls analyzer trace

A

Mode select Key

2100
Q

Maximum input power of HP 8591C

A

+72dBmV

2101
Q

Maximum input power of Tektronix 2715

A

+69dBmV

2102
Q

This must be used when high input levels are required to the analyzer to avoid input overload

A

preselector

2103
Q

For the greatest accuracy, how should the carrier peak be adjusted?

A

To the analyzer’s reference level (top of the display)

2104
Q

Three tests that can use gated mode on the HP 8591C

A

Carrier to NoiseCoherent Disturbances (CSO measurement only)In-Channel Response

CT5 (1 decks)

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