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Physics Y9 > CT3 > Flashcards

CT3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy

A

The ability of an object (or living thing) to do work, perform an action.

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2
Q

How many types of energy stores are there?

A

6

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3
Q

What are the 6 different types of energy stores?

A
  1. Gravitational potential energy
  2. Chemical energy
  3. Kinetic energy
  4. Elastic energy
  5. Thermal energy
  6. Atomic (nuclear) energy
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4
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

The higher above ground the object is, the more gravitational potential energy it has.

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5
Q

Chemical energy

A

The energy stored in substances and released (or absorbed) through chemical reactions.

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6
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of movement.

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7
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Stored in objects that regain their shape.

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8
Q

Thermal energy

A

The heat stored in an object.

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9
Q

Atomic (or nuclear) energy

A

Energy stored inside atoms.

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10
Q

Useful forms of energy

A
  • Electricity
  • Waves (light, sound, micro, x-rays)
  • Magnetism
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11
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy is not created or destroyed, it is transferred

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12
Q

Dissipated

A

Spread out/lost

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13
Q

When does energy dissipate?

A

When it is transferred to the surroundings.

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14
Q

What do energy transfers provide?

A

Energy transfers can provide useful energy but also give out energy to the surroundings, which is not useful (wasteful).

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15
Q

Energy efficiency

A

Shows how much of the initial energy is transferred into useful energy.

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16
Q

Calculation for energy efficiency

A

useful energy transferred by the device / total energy supplied to the device

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17
Q

What are waves?

A

They are transfers of energy

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of waves

A
  1. Transverse
  2. Longitudinal
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19
Q

Transverse waves

A

The movement (wave) is perpendicular to the direction of travel.

20
Q

Longitudinal

A

The movement is parallel to the direction of travel. Particles vibrate (energy is transmitted)

21
Q

Electromagnetic waves (3)

A
  • They do not need particles (material) to travel through.
  • They transmit energy through force fields.
  • Light waves, radio waves, microwaves.
22
Q

What are sound waves and seismic waves both examples of?

A

Waves that can travel through a medium (material) by creating oscillations.

23
Q

Period (/s)

A

Time taken for one complete wave to pass a point.

24
Q

Frequency (/Hz, Hertz)

A

Number of waves per second.

25
Q

Velocity (m/s)

A

Wave speed AND direction.

26
Q

Amplitude (/m)

A

Half the distance the particles move as each wave goes past.

27
Q

What do sound waves of low and high frequency have?

A

Low frequency = low pitch
High frequency = high pitch

28
Q

What is the speed of the wave?

A

The distance traveled by energy in a certain time.

29
Q

What are all the colours on the visible spectrum?

A
  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Indigo
  • Violet
30
Q

What happens to light in secular reflection?

A

Light is reflected evenly.

31
Q

What happens to light in diffuse reflection?

A

Light is scattered by a surface in lots of different directions.

32
Q

What do sound waves create?

A

Pressure on the surfaces that they meet.

33
Q

What are the 5 stages for sound from somewhere to reach the brain?

A
  1. Ear canal (sound wave incoming)
  2. Eardrum (very thin membrane vibrates)
  3. 2 tiny bones (amplify vibrations)
  4. Cochlea (generates impulses)
  5. Auditory nerve ( sends impulses to the brain)
34
Q

Cochlea parts and functions
Fluid

A

Transmits the vibrations from the ear bones to the internal cochlea membrane.

35
Q

Cochlea parts and functions
Membrane

A

Vibrates when waves from the fluid reach it.

36
Q

Cochlea parts and functions
Hair cells

A

Detect vibrations of the membrane and convert them into signals.

37
Q

Infrasound

A

Sound waves with frequencies less than 20Hz.

38
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sound waves with frequencies higher than 20,000Hz.

39
Q

Refraction

A

Waves changing direction when they go from one material to another.

40
Q

Visible spectrum

A

Light perceived (seen) by the human eye.

41
Q

What to all objects emit and why?

A

Infrared radiation due to their internal heat energy.

42
Q

Microwaves infrared

A

Infrared = Frequency below red light.

43
Q

Microwaves ultrasound

A

Ultraviolet = Frequency higher than blue light.

44
Q

What are the units for measuring energy

A

joules (J)

45
Q

What does a Sankey diagram show?

A

The amount of energy transferred. The width of the arrows represents the amount of energy in joules.

46
Q

How do you calculate wave speed?

A

wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

Physics Y9 (3 decks)

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