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Computing Y9 > CT1 & 2 > Flashcards

CT1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does systems software do?

A

Controls the hardware and runs applications. e.g.
- operating systems, e.g. windows, Mac OS, IOS, Android-free
- utilities e.g. manages computer system, backs up software

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2
Q

What are utility programmes?

A

Utility programmes ensure that systems run smoothly e.g.
- antivirus software
- compression software
- back up software

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3
Q

What is application software?

A

It performs day to day tasks for the user e.g. word processing, spreadsheets, presentations

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4
Q

Solid state storage
Disadvantages (3)

A
  • Medium storage capacity
  • limited number of write cycles
  • Expensive compared to other types of storage
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5
Q

Solid state storage
Advantages (4)

A
  • Fastest access speeds
  • No moving parts, so more reliable
  • No noise
  • Low power usage
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6
Q

Solid state storage
Examples

A
  • SSP
  • Memory Stick
  • USB pen drives
  • Flash memory card
  • Sim card
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7
Q

Solid state storage
How does it work?

A

Solid state memory uses flash memory to store and access non-volatile data

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8
Q

Magnetic storage
How does it work?

A

Uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable material to store data.

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9
Q

Magnetic storage
Advantages

A
  • High storage capacity
  • Faster access speeds than optical
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10
Q

Magnetic storage
Disadvantages

A

Has moving parts which will eventually fail and break

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11
Q

Magnetic storage
Examples

A
  • Tape
  • Hard disk drive
  • RAM
  • Floppy disk
  • Zip drive
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12
Q

Open source vs closed source

A

Requires user to pay for a licence and source code is hidden
(pay - not allowed to make changes)

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13
Q

Open source vs closed source

A

Allows free access to the software and its source code
e.g. fortnite
(free - make changes)

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14
Q

Motherboard

A

Houses all the other components and allows them to communicate
(has all the other bits plugged into it)

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15
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory
short term storage
e.g. currently running apps and instructions

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16
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit
processes information
the “brain” of the computer

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17
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input Output Systems

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18
Q

RAM vs ROM

A
  • Read only memory
  • Long term storage
  • Non volatile
  • Boot strap loader, BIOS
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19
Q

Hard drive

A

Long term storage

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20
Q

What is stored inside the hard drive

A

Files and applications

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21
Q

Examples of secondary storage

A
  • Hard disks
  • solid state devices
  • USB
  • floppy discs
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22
Q

5 characteristics of secondary storage

A
  • capacity
  • cost
  • durability
  • portability
  • speed
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23
Q

What are THEE 3 types of secondary storage

A
  • Magnetic storage
  • Optical storage
  • Solid state storage
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24
Q

4 Features of secondary storage

A
  • Used to store all programs and data for a computer system - long term
  • Slower to access CPU than primary
  • Exists in larger quantities than primary storage
  • Non-volatile
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25
*RAM* vs ROM
- Random Access Memory - Short term storage - Volatile - Open applications, currently running instructions
26
4 Features of primary storage
- Used to store programmes or data that are currently being used. - Quicker to access than secondary storage - Exists in smaller quantities than secondary storage - Volatile (except ROM)
27
Examples of primary storage
- RAM - ROM - Cache
28
Optical storage Examples
- Blue ray - CD - DVD - Flash drives - ROM
29
Optical storage Advantages (3)
- Thin - Light weight - Portable
30
Optical storage Disadvantages
Low capacity compared to other types of storage
31
Optical storage How does it work?
Uses low power laser beams to record and retrieve digital (binary) data
32
What is software?
A programme or code that controls the hardware
33
Computer Accessibility Definition
Making it possible for people with disabilities to use a computer system e.g. blind = braille keyboard
34
Input devices definition
Hardware that sends data into a computer system from the outside world e.g. keyboard, mic
35
Output devices definition
Hardware that receives data from a computer system and presents it in some form for the user e.g. speaker, printer
36
Storage devices definition + Examples
Hardware that saves data so that it can be recalled and used again later e.g. sim card, DVD
37
CPU components Registers
Tiny, super-fast pieces of onboard memory inside the CPU, each with a specific purpose (one piece of storage)
38
CPU components Cache
Provides fast access to frequently used instructions and data. (temporary storage) Saves time instead of having to go to RAM everytime
39
CPU components CU
Control Unit Sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU. (controls everything)
40
CPU components ALU
Arithmatic logic unit Performs arithmatic calculations and makes logical decisions
41
What is the first factor that affects the CPU's performance?
Clock speed (measured in the number of cycles per second - Hertz (Hz)) Normal computer has 3.2 GHz 3.2 billion instructions fetched ~per second~
42
What is the second factor that affects the CPU's performance?
Number of cores: - Core = complete copy of a CPU - Has its own components - More cores = multiple programmes simultaneously
43
What is the third factor that affects the CPU's performance?
Cache size: Saves time with more storage ~Frequently used instructions~
44
CPU components Accumulator
Used as a register to store intermediate logical or arithmetic data in multistep calculations.
45
What are the 5 main functions of the operating system
- Device management - User management - File management - User interface - Memory management
46
What is the digital divide
The gap between people who have access to connected technology and those who do not.
47
Ethics
How a person conducts their lives based on what we feel is right or wrong.
48
Laws
Rules in society which are enforced by penalties.
49
Stakeholder
Anyone who may be affected, either directly or indirectly, by the actions or policies of an organisation/technologies.
50
Key Stakeholder
Those who can influence the actions or policies of an organisation.
51
Who are the people most affected by the digital divide
- Elderly - Poor - Geographically remote communities
52
What does The data protection act do
Protects the right of data subjects (the person whose data is being used)
53
The data protection act
2018
54
The computer miss use act
1990
55
What does The computer miss use act do
Makes it illegal to: - Hack. - Gain unauthorized access. - Delete or modify data without permission. - Write or knowingly distribute malware (viruses). - Use a computer to commit further offences.
56
Copyright Designs and Patents act
1988
57
What does the Copyright Designs and Patents act do
- Makes it illegal to copy a work without the owners permission. - Copyright is automatically granted to the creator of any material. - It does not have to be marked with a copyright symbol.
58
Personal data examples
- Name - Age - Gender - Date of birth - Address
59
What is the 1st principle of personal data
1. Fairly and lawfully processed.
60
What is the 2nd principle of personal data
2. Used for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes.
61
What is the 3rd principle of personal data
3. Adequate, relevant and not specified.
62
What is the 4th principle of personal data
4. Accurate and up to date information.
63
What is the 5th principle of personal data
5. Must not be kept for longer that is necessary.
64
What is the 6th principle of personal data
6. Stored and processed securely.
65
Units of data
bit - 1 nibble - 4 byte - 8 kilobyte - 1000 bytes megabyte - 1000 kilobyte gigabyte - 1000 megabyte terabyte - 1000 gigabyte petabyte - 1000 terabyte
66
Structure of a computer system
Communication Input -> Processing (Primary storage) -> Output Secondary Storage
67
Benefits of AI (6bp)
- Digital Assistance (communication, education) - Risky situations - Efficient - Availability - Medical applications - More employment (coding)
68
Drawbacks of AI (4bp)
- Malfunction - Expensive - Lazy - Loss of skills

Computing Y9 (2 decks)

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