CT/MSK: Sports Medicine Flashcards
T/F IOC athletes responsible for (+) tests whether they knowingly or unknowingly used a prohibited substance or supplement
Very True.
Whic 2 pain medications are allowed by the IOC?
NSAIDS
corticosteroids - injections of soft tissues or joints (systemic use is BANNED)
Which exercise-induced asthma medications are allowed by the IOC?
**albuterol (Salbutamol) ß agonist - **inhalation only (systemic use and other ß agonists, ie clenbuterol is BANNED because it is considered an ergogenic aid - it may increase muscle mass)
**corticosteroids - **inhalation only; used for EIA that is refractory to albuterol or treat chronic asthma (oral steroids is BANNED)
both requires testing and pre-approval
T/F IOC testing only occurs during competition only.
False. unannounced, usually competiton + out of competition testing
What samples does IOC obtain from an athelete to test for performance enhancing Rx??
urine +/- blood
What is an ergogenic aid?
external influences that can be used to enhance performance in high intensity exercises
What are some ways that you can mask a (+) urine test?
diuretics, finasteride, glutaraldehyde, albumin, soap, salt, etc
What is Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) and why was there controversy surrounding it?
THG is an anabolic steroid that has affinity to the androgen and progesterone receptor, but NOT the estrogen receptor.
Retrospective tests have shown that athletes were using it in the past
What are 3 performance enhancing, but legal substances?
Why would athletes use them??
Creatine
- used in pathways to resynthesize ATP
- Works for ATP dependent activities – short high intensity sports (sprinters, football players, weight lifters), but NOT for endurance sports (soccer, basketball)
Caffeine
- may have ergogenic effects and may be performance enhancing
Pseudoephedrine
- stimulant, nasal decongestant (acts on α1 and ß2 adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction and bronchodilation, respectively
ß blockers
Legitimate uses?
Illegal uses?
Legitimate uses
- BP control
- prevention of a second MI
Illegal uses in sports
- suppression of HR
- (advantageous in sports such as shooting, archery, biathlon)
Stimulants
Legitimate uses?
Illegal uses?
Dangers of Using?
Legitimate uses
- URI (pseudoephedrine)
- AIDS wasting
- asthma (epinephrine)
- anaphylaxis (epinephrine)
- narcolepsy (modafinil)
- ADD/ ADHD (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine)
Illegal uses in sports
- Enhanced arousal
- Avoid/recover from fatigue
- Weight loss, esp. in weight or image dependent sports?
- Increased focus (ADD drugs)
Dangers of Using
- Sudden death
- Arrhythmias
- Anxiety, tremor, insomnia
- Dependency
- Impaired judgment, injury
Narcotics
Legitimate uses?
Illegal uses?
Dangers of Using?
Legitimate uses
- Severe pain, surgical pain
Illegal uses in sports
- mask pain and allow competition with injury, and to ignore usual signals to stop
Dangers of using
- increase risk of injuries
- addiction
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
Legitimate uses?
Illegal uses?
Dangers of Using?
Legitimate uses
- AIDS wasting
- low testosterone state
- transgender
Illegal uses in sports
- increase lean muscle mass
- Faster recovery
- Appearance
Dangers of using
- increase BP
- decrease HDL, leading to increase risk of MI, CVA
- women: masculinization
- men: testicular atrophy, impotence, infertility
- premature closure of growth plates
- acne
- behavioral ∆: mood swings, psychosis, aggressive behavior, suicide
- increase risk of injury due to weakened connective tissue (?)
- increase cancer risk (liver, brain)
Bone marrow stimulants
Legitimate uses?
Illegal uses?
Dangers of Using?
Legitimate uses
- cancer and renal failure patients to stimulate red cell production
Illegal uses in sports
- increase O2 oxygen carrying capacity and therefore performance in endurance sports as alternative to blood doping
Dangers of using
- Polycythemia
- Sludging of blood
- Multiorgan failure, stroke, death
Hormones (GH, IGF, insulin)
Legitimate uses?
Illegal uses?
Dangers of Using?
Legitimate uses
- short stature
- diabetes
Illegal uses in sports
- Improve strength
- Increase lean body mass
- Because they might help and they can’t be detected
Dangers of using
- Acromegaly
- Induce diabetes
- Insulin shock (rapid decrease blood glucose if insulin is not dosed or administered carefully)
